Identification of Epinastine as CD96/PVR inhibitor for cancer immunotherapy.

Background: Poliovirus receptor (PVR) and its receptor system, including TIGIT, CD226, and CD96, play a pivotal role in orchestrating tumor immune evasion. Upon engagement with PVR on tumor cells, CD96 exerts inhibitory effects on the function of T cells and NK cells, thereby fostering tumor immune evasion. Therefore, screening of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting the CD96/PVR pathway will provide promising candidates for tumor immunotherapy.

Prospects and challenges of neoantigen applications in oncology.

Neoantigen, unique peptides resulting from tumor-specific mutations, represent a promising frontier in oncology for personalized cancer immunotherapy. Their unique features allow for the development of highly specific and effective cancer treatments, which can potentially overcome the limitations of conventional therapies. This paper explores the current prospects and challenges associated with the application of neoantigens in oncology.

Dual targeting of TIGIT and PD-1 with a novel small molecule for cancer immunotherapy.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have unveiled promising clinical prospects in cancer treatment. Nonetheless, their effectiveness remains restricted, marked by consistently low response rates and affecting only a subset of patients. The co-blockade of TIGIT with PD-1 has exhibited substantial anti-tumor effects.

Integrated QuEChERS combined with LC-MS/MS for high-throughput analysis of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in milk.

In this study, an integrated QuEChERS method was developed for the rapid determination of 22 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in milk by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The extraction and purification processes were combined into one step with this method. Meanwhile, the solid-liquid separation was carried out by magnetic suction (FeO-SiO) instead of the centrifugal process.

Preparation and Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Properties of N-Doped SiC Nanowires.

Enhancing the conductivity loss of SiC nanowires through doping is beneficial for improving their electromagnetic wave absorption performance. In this work, N-doped SiC nanowires were synthesized using three different methods. The results indicate that a large amount of SiON will be generated during the microwave synthesis of SiC nanowires in a nitrogen atmosphere.

Dynamic Screening of Thyroid Function for the Timely Diagnosis of Congenital Hypothyroidism in Very Preterm Infants: A Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study.

Preterm infants presented a high prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism (CH), while the optimal screening pattern is still under debate. This study aimed at evaluating the characteristics of thyroid function by conducting weekly screening during the first month of life in very preterm infants (VPIs) to achieve timely diagnosis and treatment of CH. A prospective cohort study was carried out on VPIs born with gestational age (GA) <32 weeks (w) and admitted to the participating institutes from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2022.

Identification of natural product 3, 5-diiodotyrosine as APOBEC3B inhibitor to prevent somatic mutation accumulation and cancer progression.

Background: The development of cancer is largely dependent on the accumulation of somatic mutations, indicating the potential to develop cancer chemoprevention agents targeting mutation drivers. However, ideal cancer chemoprevention agents that can effectively inhibit the mutation drivers have not been identified yet.

Methods: The somatic mutation signatures and expression analyses of APOBEC3B were performed in patient with pan-cancer.

Peptide vaccine from cancer-testis antigen ODF2 can potentiate the cytotoxic T lymphocyte infiltration through IL-15 in non-MSI-H colorectal cancer.

About 85% of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) have the non-microsatellite instability-high (non-MSI-H) subtype, and many cannot benefit from immune checkpoint blockade. A potential reason for this is that most non-MSI-H colorectal cancers are immunologically "cold" due to poor CD8 T cell infiltration. In the present study, we screened for potential cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) by comparing the bioinformatics of CD8 T effector memory (Tem) cell infiltration between MSI-H and non-MSI-H CRC.

Dysfunction of the energy sensor NFE2L1 triggers uncontrollable AMPK signaling and glucose metabolism reprogramming.

The antioxidant transcription factor NFE2L1 (also called Nrf1) acts as a core regulator of redox signaling and metabolism homeostasis, and thus, its dysfunction results in multiple systemic metabolic diseases. However, the molecular mechanism(s) by which NFE2L1 regulates glycose and lipid metabolism remains elusive. Here, we found that loss of NFE2L1 in human HepG2 cells led to a lethal phenotype upon glucose deprivation and NFE2L1 deficiency could affect the uptake of glucose.

Quantitative determination of N-(carboxymethyl)lysine in sterilized milk by isotope dilution UPLC-MS/MS method without derivatization and ion pair reagents.

This study developed a sensitive and easy method to directly analyze N-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Acetonitrile and water were used as the binary mobile phase without ion pair reagents, while BEH Amide column was applied to detect CML. The target substance without derivatization could be well retained and separated after the pretreatment conditions were optimized.

Identification of HLA-A2-Restricted Mutant Epitopes from Neoantigens of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), one of the deadliest gastrointestinal cancers, has had limited effective therapeutic strategies up to now. Accumulating evidence suggests that effective immunotherapy in cancer patients has been associated with T cells responsive to mutant peptides derived from neoantigens. Here, we selected 35 human leukocyte antigen-A2 (HLA-A2)-restricted mutant (MUT) peptides stemmed from neoantigens of ESCC.

Dual Blockade of Lactate/GPR81 and PD-1/PD-L1 Pathways Enhances the Anti-Tumor Effects of Metformin.

Metformin is a widely used antidiabetic drug for cancer prevention and treatment. However, the overproduction of lactic acid and its inefficiency in cancer therapy limit its application. Here, we demonstrate the synergistic effects of the lactate/GPR81 blockade (3-hydroxy-butyrate, 3-OBA) and metformin on inhibiting cancer cells growth in vitro.

Synergistic anti-oxidative and antimicrobial effects of oat phenolic compounds and ascorbate palmitoyl on fish balls during cold storage.

This study investigated the effect of antioxidants on lipid stability of mackerel (Scomber japonicus) fish balls. Oat phenolic acid compounds (OPC) and ascorbate palmitoyl (AP) were used to prolong the shelf life of steamed mackerel fish balls. Fish balls were stored at 4°C for 21 days, and the total bacterial count, hardness, whiteness, water holding capacity (WHC), pH, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value were monitored regularly.

Screening and identification of HLA-A2-restricted neoepitopes for immunotherapy of non-microsatellite instability-high colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer has one of the highest mortality rates among malignant tumors, and most patients with non-microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) colorectal cancer do not benefit from targeted therapy or immune checkpoint inhibitors. Identification of immunogenic neoantigens is a promising strategy for inducing specific antitumor T cells for cancer immunotherapy. Here, we screened potential high-frequency neoepitopes from non-MSI-H colorectal cancer and tested their abilities to induce tumor-specific cytotoxic T cell responses.

Dynamic Change of Thyroid Hormones With Postmenstrual Age in Very Preterm Infants Born With Gestational Age <32 Weeks: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: At present, the relationship between thyrotropin (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) in relation to postmenstrual age (PMA) in preterm infants is still unclear, and there is no reliable standard thyroid hormone reference ranges, resulting in different diagnostic criteria for congenital hypothyroidism been used by different newborn screening programs and different countries.

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between TSH/FT4 and PMA in very preterm infants (VPIs) born with gestational age (GA) <32 weeks and to derive thyroid function reference charts based on PMA.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed on VPIs born with GA<32 weeks and born in or transferred to the 27 neonatal intensive care units from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019.

Identification of CTL Epitopes on Efflux Pumps of the ATP-Binding Cassette and the Major Facilitator Superfamily of .

Tuberculosis is the world's most deadly infectious disease, with 10 million people falling ill and 1.5 million people dying from the disease every year. With the increasing number of drug-resistant (MTB) strains and prevalence of coinfection of MTB with human immunodeficiency virus, many challenges remain in the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis.

New thymol and isothymol derivatives from Eupatorium fortunei and their cytotoxic effects.

Four new thymol derivatives (1-4), one new isothymol derivative (5), together with one known analogue (6) were isolated from the overground parts of Eupatorium fortunei. The structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic data analysis, including UV, IR, HR-ESIMS, 1D-, and 2D-NMR data. All compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic effects against four human cancer cell lines using MTT assay.

Enhanced photoelectrochemical activity of α-FeO/TiO nanoheterojunction by controlling hydrodynamic conditions.

Interfacial heterostructuring has appeared to be an efficient strategy to address the efficiency and applicability of the photocatalysts in solar energy conversion. Herein, we developed one-dimensional (1D) α-FeO/TiO nanoheterojunction arrays for enhanced photoelectrochemical (PEC) activity. α-FeO nanotubes were firstly prepared via anodization under controlled hydrodynamic conditions to increase the efficiency.

Presence of serum autoantibodies to vacuolar H -ATPase in patients with renal tubular acidosis.

Objective: Concomitant presence of renal tubular acidosis (RTA) and autoimmune diseases is indicative of the potential role of immune factors in the pathogenesis of RTA. Our study aimed to detect the serum antibodies to renal tubular epithelial cells in RTA patients.

Methods: We enrolled 11 RTA patients, eight primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) patients and eight healthy controls (HC).

Confirmation of the pathogenicity of a mutation p.G337C in the COL1A2 gene associated with osteogenesis imperfecta.

Mutation analysis as the gold standard is particularly important in diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and it may be preventable upon early diagnosis. In this study, we aimed to analyze the clinical and genetic materials of an OI pedigree as well as to confirm the deleterious property of the mutation.A pedigree with OI was identified.