The role of emotion in musical improvisation: an analysis of structural features.

One of the primary functions of music is to convey emotion, yet how music accomplishes this task remains unclear. For example, simple correlations between mode (major vs. minor) and emotion (happy vs.

Psychiatric boarding incidence, duration, and associated factors in United States emergency departments.

Introduction: Boarding, especially among psychiatric patients, has been characterized as a significant cause of ED crowding, but no quantitative analysis has described boarding nationally. This study determines the incidence, duration, and factors associated with ED boarding in the United States.

Methods: 2008 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey ED data were stratified by visit type (psychiatric vs.

Interfacial molecular imprinting of Stöber particle surfaces: a simple approach to targeted saccharide adsorption.

The use of surfactant headgroups for interfacial imprinting is established as a simple and tunable approach to create molecularly imprinted silica nanoparticles based on a modification of the Stöber method. Adsorption of D-glucose and D-xylose (initial concentrations ranging from 0.139 to 1.

Antibiotic administration in the drinking water of mice.

Although antibiotics frequently are added to the drinking water of mice, this practice has not been tested to confirm that antibiotics reach therapeutic concentrations in the plasma of treated mice. In the current investigation, we 1) tested the stability of enrofloxacin and doxycycline in the drinking water of adult, female C57BL/6 mice; 2) measured the mice's consumption of water treated with enrofloxacin, doxycycline, amoxicillin, or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; and 3) used HPLC to measure plasma antibiotic concentrations in mice that had ingested treated water for 1 wk. Plasma concentrations of antibiotic were measured 1 h after the start of both the light and dark cycle.

Guidelines for the diagnosis and antimicrobial therapy of canine superficial bacterial folliculitis (Antimicrobial Guidelines Working Group of the International Society for Companion Animal Infectious Diseases).

Background: Superficial bacterial folliculitis (SBF) is usually caused by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and routinely treated with systemic antimicrobial agents. Infection is a consequence of reduced immunity associated with alterations of the skin barrier and underlying diseases that may be difficult to diagnose and resolve; thus, SBF is frequently recurrent and repeated treatment is necessary. The emergence of multiresistant bacteria, particularly meticillin-resistant S.

Gene regulatory networks governing lung specification.

The epithelial lining of the respiratory system originates from a small group of progenitor cells in the ventral foregut endoderm of the early embryo. Research in the last decade has revealed a number of paracrine signaling pathways that are critical for the development of these respiratory progenitors. In the post-genomic era the challenge now is to figure out at the genome wide level how these different signaling pathways and their downstream transcription factors interact in a complex "gene regulatory network" (GRN) to orchestrate early lung development.

Lactose and galactose content in cheese results in overestimation of moisture by vacuum oven and microwave methods.

Moisture determination in cheese is a critical test for regulatory compliance, functionality, and economic reasons. Common methods for moisture determination in cheese rely upon the thermal volatilization of water from cheese and calculation of moisture content based on the resulting loss of mass. Residual sugars, such as lactose and galactose, are commonly present in cheeses at levels ranging from trace amounts to 5%.

Risk factors for closed-head injuries during military airborne operations.

Introduction: One of the more serious adverse outcomes of military airborne operations is closed-head injuries. This investigation examined risk factors for closed-head injuries in an Army airborne infantry unit.

Methods: Closed-head injuries were defined as energy exchanges in which the head contacted the ground or an object and the soldier sought medical care for external trauma, headache, loss of consciousness, or altered mental state.

Neural substrates of interactive musical improvisation: an FMRI study of 'trading fours' in jazz.

Interactive generative musical performance provides a suitable model for communication because, like natural linguistic discourse, it involves an exchange of ideas that is unpredictable, collaborative, and emergent. Here we show that interactive improvisation between two musicians is characterized by activation of perisylvian language areas linked to processing of syntactic elements in music, including inferior frontal gyrus and posterior superior temporal gyrus, and deactivation of angular gyrus and supramarginal gyrus, brain structures directly implicated in semantic processing of language. These findings support the hypothesis that musical discourse engages language areas of the brain specialized for processing of syntax but in a manner that is not contingent upon semantic processing.

Homogenization and lipase treatment of milk and resulting methyl ketone generation in blue cheese.

A specific range of methyl ketones contribute to the distinctive flavor of traditional blue cheeses. These ketones are metabolites of lipid metabolism by Penicillium mold added to cheese for this purpose. Two processes, namely, the homogenization of milk fat and the addition of exogenous lipase enzymes, are traditionally applied measures to control the formation of methyl ketones in blue cheese.

Role of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET)-computed tomography (CT) in the staging of bladder cancer.

Objective: To determine whether to use (18) F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) scans in the preoperative staging of bladder cancer (BC).

Patients And Methods: In all, 233 patients with muscle-invasive BC (MIBC) or high-risk non-MIBC being considered for radical cystectomy (RC) between 2005 and 2011 had FDG-PET and computed tomography (CT) of the chest, abdomen and pelvis to assess for pelvic lymph node (LN) involvement or distant metastases. Sensitivity and specificity for detecting pelvic LN involvement was determined by comparing the results of the scans to the histopathology reports in patients undergoing RC.

Integrating care for high-risk patients in England using the virtual ward model: lessons in the process of care integration from three case sites.

Background: Patients at high risk of emergency hospitalisation are particularly likely to experience fragmentation in care. The virtual ward model attempts to integrate health and social care by offering multidisciplinary case management to people at high predicted risk of unplanned hospitalisation.

Objective: To describe the care practice in three virtual ward sites in England and to explore how well each site had achieved meaningful integration.

"It was pretty scary": the theme of fear in young adult women's descriptions of a history of adolescent dating abuse.

The mental health impact of abusive adolescent dating relationships has not been well described, but fear related to abuse has been reported. We elaborate the theme of fear in women's descriptions of a history of adolescent dating abuse. A sample of community-based women, ages 19-34, who experienced an abusive dating relationship during adolescence (ages 11-20) was used.

Predictors of health-promoting behavior associated with cardiovascular diseases among Korean blue-collar workers.

The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of actual cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks, psychosocial and work-related factors as predictors of health behavior. A sample of 234 Korean blue-collar workers, who worked in small companies, was included in this cross-sectional study. Data collection included a survey; anthropometric and blood pressure measures; and blood sampling.

Arts practice and disconnected youth in Australia: Impact and domains of change.

: This paper describes research conducted with Big ART, Australia's most awarded participatory arts company. It considers three projects, LUCKY, GOLD and NGAPARTJI NGAPARTJI across separate sites in Tasmania, Western NSW and Northern Territory, respectively, in order to understand project impact from the perspective of project participants, Arts workers, community members and funders. : Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 29 respondents.

Pore-size dependent protein adsorption and protection from proteolytic hydrolysis in tailored mesoporous silica particles.

Protein adsorption and interactions with mesoporous silica are of interest for a broad range of applications including drug delivery, chemical synthesis, biosensors, and bioseparations. A major challenge in designing mesoporous silica supports for tailored protein interaction is the differentiation of protein interactions at the surface of the particle from interactions within the pore, important features when considering mesoporous silica as a protective support for active proteins. In this investigation, the location of Enhanced Green Fluorescent Proteins (EGFPs) adsorbed on tailored mesoporous silica particles is examined as a function of pore diameter using proteolytic hydrolysis to distinguish between accessible and inaccessible proteins.

Evaluation of the affinity of various species and strains of Staphylococcus to adhere to equine corneocytes.

Background: Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain USA 500 predominately colonizes horses and people working with them. Previous studies demonstrate that some Staphylococcus species exhibit higher affinity for corneocytes of specific mammalian species.

Hypothesis/objectives: The objective was to determine the relative affinities of various MRSA strains, meticillin-susceptible S.

Species-specific beaked whale echolocation signals.

Beaked whale echolocation signals are mostly frequency-modulated (FM) upsweep pulses and appear to be species specific. Evolutionary processes of niche separation may have driven differentiation of beaked whale signals used for spatial orientation and foraging. FM pulses of eight species of beaked whales were identified, as well as five distinct pulse types of unknown species, but presumed to be from beaked whales.

Short communication: Reducing agents attenuate methylglyoxal-based browning in Parmesan cheese.

The microbial production of methylglyoxal in cheese has been linked to the formation of brown pigmentation and distinctive volatiles. This study investigated methods for preventing methylglyoxal-induced browning in Parmesan cheese through the addition of reducing agents. Cheeses were treated with the reducing agents sodium bisulfite, glutathione, and erythorbate at 2:1 and 4:1 molar ratios with added methylglyoxal, and then incubated at 10 °C.

Lung macrophages contribute to house dust mite driven airway remodeling via HIF-1α.

Unlabelled: HIF-1α is a transcription factor that is activated during hypoxia and inflammation and is a key regulator of angiogenesis in vivo. During the development of asthma, peribronchial angiogenesis is induced in response to aeroallergens and is thought to be an important feature of sustained chronic allergic inflammation. Recently, elevated HIF-1α levels have been demonstrated in both the lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage of allergic patients, respectively.

Enhancing global health and education in Malawi, Zambia, and the United States through an interprofessional global health exchange program.

Aim: This article describes participant outcomes of an interprofessional collaboration between health professionals and faculty in Malawi, Zambia, and the United States (US).

Background: One strategy critical for improving global health and addressing Millennium Development goals is promotion of interprofessional education and collaboration.

Methods: Program participants included 25 health professionals from Malawi and Zambia, and 19 faculty/health professionals from Alabama and California.

Synthesis, surface properties, and biocompatibility of 1,2,3-triazole-containing alkyl β-D-xylopyranoside surfactants.

We are interested in the development of surfactants derived from hemicellulosic biomass, as they are potential components in pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and other detergents. Such surfactants should exhibit low toxicity in mammalian cells. In this study we synthesized a series of alkyl or fluoroalkyl β-xylopyranosides from azides and an alkyne using the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne (CuAAC) 'click' reaction in 4 steps from xylose.