Relationship between external ventricular drain clamp trials and ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion following nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage: a single-center study.

Objective: Currently, there is no established standard regarding the ideal number of external ventricular drain (EVD) clamp trials performed before ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt insertion following nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). In this study, the authors aimed to evaluate this relationship.

Methods: A retrospective review of all patients presenting with SAH between July 2007 and December 2016 was performed.

Medical Malpractice in Neurosurgery: A Comprehensive Analysis.

Background: Of all specialists, neurosurgeons have the highest probability of facing a medical malpractice claim. Here we report the first specialty-wide review of malpractice claims in neurosurgery performed using a well-established national online legal database.

Methods: The Westlaw legal research service (Thomson Reuters, Eagan, Minnesota, USA) was queried for jury verdicts and settlements related to neurosurgery and medical malpractice between 1985 and 2015.

Effect of early versus delayed cord clamping on hematological status of preterm infants at 6 wk of age.

Objective: To compare the effect of early cord clamping (ECC) vs. delayed cord clamping (DCC) on hematocrit and serum ferritin at 6 wk of life in preterm infants.

Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted in the delivery room and neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary hospital.

Expressed breast milk vs 25% dextrose in procedural pain in neonates, a double blind randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To compare the effect of expressed breast milk (EBM), 25% dextrose (25 D) and sterile water (SW) on procedural pain in neonates as assessed by the premature infant pain profile (PIPP), changes in heart rate (HR), oxygen saturation (SpO2) and duration of crying.

Design: Prospective, double blind, randomized controlled trial.

Setting: Postnatal ward of a tertiary-care hospital.

A study of risk factors for acquisition of Epstein-Barr virus and its subtypes.

Background: Risk factors for primary infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and its subtypes have not been fully investigated.

Methods: Questionnaires and serum samples from a total of 2006 students who entered Edinburgh University in 1999-2000 were analyzed to examine risk factors for EBV seropositivity, both overall and by EBV type.

Results: The prevalence of EBV seropositivity was significantly increased among females, older students, those who had lived in tropical countries, those with siblings, and those who were sexually active, particularly if they had had numerous sex partners.

Evidence of shared Epstein-Barr viral isolates between sexual partners, and low level EBV in genital secretions.

Epstein-Barr virus is present in the saliva of most persistently infected individuals and is generally thought to be spread by close oral contact. However, there are now several reports of EBV in genital secretions, suggesting the possibility of sexual transmission between adults. The present study was undertaken to investigate the risk of sexual transmission of EBV.

A cohort study among university students: identification of risk factors for Epstein-Barr virus seroconversion and infectious mononucleosis.

Background: A vaccine against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is in clinical trials. Up-to-date information on risk factors for EBV infection and infectious mononucleosis (IM) among young adults is required to inform a vaccination strategy.

Methods: We carried out a prospective study on a cohort of university students.

A pilot study of CODOX-M/IVAC in primary refractory or relapsed high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. A Scotland and Newcastle Lymphoma Group Study.

Background And Objectives: The prognosis in patients with primary refractory or relapsed high grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is very poor--the 5-year survival being generally reported at 10%.

Design And Methods: Multiple salvage regimens have been investigated and, while response rates of 50-80% have been noted in selected patients, the long-term prognosis remains poor. Following the encouraging results in high risk Burkitt's and Burkitt-like lymphoma using the CODOX-M and IVAC protocols, we performed a pilot study using a similar regimen in patients with primary refractory or relapsed high grade NHL.

Spontaneous clinical regression in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is a B-cell disorder, which has a median survival of over 10 years from diagnosis for stage A disease. The natural history of stage A disease is generally indolent or only slowly progressive. It is less well known that CLL may undergo spontaneous regression.