Unusual presentation of ruptured non coronary sinus of valsalva with new onset heart failure.

Rupture of sinus of Valsalva is a rare cardiac condition which is associated with severe left to right shunting. Symptoms may include breathlessness, chest pain and fatigue or even cardiogenic shock and when untreated, this condition carries a grave prognosis. We report a case of a 57-year-old gentleman without any past comorbidities who presented to our hospital with features of acute heart failure due to rupture of sinus of Valsalva which was diagnosed by echocardiogram and further confirmed by cardiac computed tomography scan.

Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Following COVID-19 Infection: Difficulties and Challenges.

The COVID-19 pandemic has raised challenges and dilemmas to perform cardiac surgery in the patients following COVID-19 infection due to lasting adverse impacts of the disease on the lungs. A 74-years-old patient, recently infected by COVID-19, with previous myocardial infarction and multiple percutaneous coronary interventions, in-stent thrombosis to the left anterior descending artery, and low resting saturation, presented with chest pain and underwent urgent coronary artery bypass grafting. His postoperative period remained challenging due to high oxygen requirements.

Double Aortic Arch with Coarctation of Aorta in an Adolescent: Unraveling the Vascular Ring.

We report the case of a 12-year-old girl with balanced double aortic arch with coarctation of the aorta presenting with symptoms of respiratory and swallowing difficulty. On investigation, the patient had a double aortic arch with coarctation and clinically nonsignificant disease in the infrarenal aorta. Division of the nondominant aortic arch was done through a left thoracotomy, along with resection of the coarctation segment and placement of an interposition Dacron tube graft.

Door-to-balloon time and the determining factors in a tertiary cardiac center in Nepal.

Background: Door-to-balloon (DTB) time of 90 min during primary angioplasty is considered as the benchmark duration. Shorter DTB time is preferable, and longer duration can have poor clinical outcomes.

Methods: A cross-sectional observational study of three months in Shahid Gangalal National Heart Center was conducted in which all patients undergoing primary angioplasty were included.

Prehospital Events in ST- Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Angioplasty.

Introduction: Pre-hospital delay includes time from onset of symptoms of myocardial infarction till arrival to emergency room of the hospital. This defines time from symptom onset to first medical contact and first medical contact to emergency room. This study aims to study the prehospital events and determining factors in patients undergoing primary angioplasty.

Percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy in mitral stenosis and left atrial appendage clot patients in special conditions: Hospital-based study.

Background: The percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy is an important procedure for the treatment of mitral stenosis. A lot of mitral stenosis cases have left atrial appendage clot which precludes the patient from the benefit of this procedure. The aim of the study was to study the feasibility and safety of the procedure in a patient with appendage clot in the setup of certain urgent conditions.

Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and carotid plaques in young Nepalese patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease.

Background: Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and carotid plaques are non-invasive surrogate markers of early evaluation of coronary artery disease (CAD) and sub clinical atherosclerosis. The objective of the study was to evaluate CIMT and carotid plaques in less than 45 years old Nepalese patients with angiographically proven CAD.

Methods: A total of 54 patients with angiographically documented CAD at less than 45 years of age were enrolled.

Everolimus-eluting bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS) implantation in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

Aims: Recent studies have demonstrated favourable clinical outcomes for the everolimus-eluting bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS) ABSORB™ in patients with stable coronary artery disease. There are currently no data on its use in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). We assessed the safety and impact of BVS in the setting of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients presenting with STEMI to our institution.

Percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy.

Two hundred patients underwent Percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy (PTMC) from January 2003 to July 2004. Seventy four percent of the patients were female. Age ranged from 10 years old to 61 years and mean age was 29 years.

Role of dendritic cells in atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerosis is a lipid-related chronic inflammatory disease in which immune mechanisms play a pivotal role. The lesions are filled with large numbers of immune cells. During the last decade, dendritic cells have been identified in atherosclerotic plaques and are thought to play an important role in atherogenesis.

Effects of Ginkgo leaf extract on function of dendritic cells and Th1/Th2 cytokines in patients with unstable angina pectoris.

Objective: To investigate the effects of Ginkgo leaf extract (GLE) on function of dendritic cells (DC) and Th1/Th2 cytokines in patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP).

Methods: Fifty-four patients with UAP were equally assigned into two groups, the treated group and the control group, both treated with conventional Western medicine, but with GLE given additionally to the treated group. Blood of all patients was taken before and 4 weeks after treatment to prepare the peripheral mononuclear cells, then which were incubated in the completed medium containing granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulatory factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) to induce mature DC.

Functional role of dendritic cells in patients with unstable angina.

To investigate the function of dendritic cells (DC) in patients with unstable angina, 10 mL of blood was drawn from 30 subjects. 15 patients diagnosed as having unstable angina and 15 healthy subjects were included in an observation and a control groups respectively. The mononuclear cells were separated from the peripheral blood and cultured in RPM11640 supplemented with recombinant human granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor (rh GM-CSF) and recombinant human interleukin-4 (rh IL-4) to induce dendritic cells.

Taurine may prevent diabetic rats from developing cardiomyopathy also by downregulating angiotensin II type2 receptor expression.

Objective: In diabetes, intracellular accumulation of sorbitol resulting from the high extracellular levels of glucose leads to depletion of intracellular compounds including taurine. This is associated with the development of late diabetic complications such as cardiomyopathy. The development of myocyte hypertrophy has been largely attributed to angiotensin II, whose growth properties are antagonized by taurine.

Differentiation of dendritic cells in monocyte cultures isolated from patients with unstable angina.

Objective: Dendritic cells (DC) stimulate T-cell proliferation and activation in the course of adaptive immunity. Its role in unstable coronary plaque in humans is unknown. So we investigated the functional role of DC in patients with unstable angina pectoris (US) using human monocyte-derived DC.

[Effects of atorvastatin on the function of dendritic cells in patients with unstable angina pectoris].

Objective: To investigate the function of dendritic cells (DC) in patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP) and the effects of atorvastatin on it.

Methods: 27 patients with UAP were divided into two groups treated respectively with regular pharmacotherapy and regular pharmacotherapy plus atorvastatin. PBMC from the UAP patients (before and 2 weeks after the treatment) and 11 healthy subjects were incubated and induced to mature DC in a completed medium containing GM-CSF and IL-4.