Unlabelled: The embryology of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is complex, involving the sequential appearance and regression of multiple segments that ultimately form the IVC. Any alteration in this process during embryogenesis can result in congenital anomalies of the IVC. This study aimed to recognise common as well as rare anomalies of the IVC and associated veins, and their clinical implications.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIschemic optic neuropathy is one of the major causes of severe impairment of vision often leading to blindness. It has varied etiopathogenesis with limited management options and very often result in poor outcome. Perioperative ischemic optic neuropathy is rare and particularly seen in elderly patients with multiple comorbidities undergoing cardiac or spine surgery.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnlabelled: The inferior vena cava (IVC) is an uncommon site for primary pathologies and secondary involvement is also infrequent, but involvement of the IVC can often drastically change management. It is therefore important to be cognizant of IVC pathologies. This review discussed common and rare neoplastic and non-neoplastic pathologies of the IVC as well as pathology mimics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe ulnar nerve is the second most commonly entrapped nerve after the median nerve. Although clinical evaluation and electrodiagnostic studies remain widely used for the evaluation of ulnar neuropathy, advancements in imaging have led to increased utilization of these newer / better imaging techniques in the overall management of ulnar neuropathy. Specifically, high-resolution ultrasonography of peripheral nerves as well as MRI has become quite useful in evaluating the ulnar nerve in order to better guide treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: To present two cases of Internal Carotid Artery (ICA) agenesis and conduct a systematic review to assess for associations with other anomalies and intracranial aneurysms.
Methodology: We performed a retrospective review of published cases of patients with ICA agenesis with intercavernous anastomosis in MEDLINE database on August 2022 using search terms "internal carotid artery", "agenesis" and "transcavernous anastomosis". We also included two cases of ICA agenesis with type D collateral that we encountered.
Background: Mammography is an established screening tool for early detection of breast cancer, with several protocols used worldwide. Such screening programs and related data are lacking in less developed countries. We documented and analyzed the mammographic trends at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, a tertiary care referral center, in Kathmandu, Nepal, to develop baseline data which may be helpful in further researches.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAllogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (alloSCT) is a potentially curative modality of treatment for patients with hematological malignancies. However, CNS complications following transplant pose a risk to survival of the patients. Early recognition and management of these complications are crucial to reduce morbidity and mortality of patients following transplant.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem
October 2016
Objective: Safety and efficacy of therapeutic agents used for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia are not established in pregnancy.
Methods: MEDLINE database was searched in November 2014 to identify all patients who received therapy for HIT during pregnancy.
Results: A total of 12 patients with the median age of 28 years (range 21-39) were diagnosed with HIT at the median gestational age of 20 weeks (range 5-34).
Low plasma potassium level can cause muscle weakness, lassitude, constipation as well as rhabdomyolysis and arrhythmias, when severe. In muscle, low plasma potassium increases resting membrane potential (hyperpolarization) of myocytes that tend to make muscle more refractory to excitation, leading to muscle weakness. Hypokalemia can be associated with a myriad of causes including drugs of abuse.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk
May 2015
Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (NKTL) is an uncommon aggressive subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, which is significantly more common in East Asia and Latin America. Three-quarters of patients present with stage I/II disease, and half of patients have a low-risk International Prognostic Index score. Although additional factors including natural killer/T-cell lymphoma prognostic index and peripheral blood Epstein-Barr virus load influence the outcomes, the modality of treatment largely differs according to stage (based on nonrandomized studies).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem
September 2015
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a life and limb-threatening thrombotic complication of heparin, which is the result of platelet activation by anti-PF4/heparin antibodies. With lepirudin and danaparoid no longer available in the US, treatment options are limited to argatroban, fondaparinux (off-label use) and bivalirudin (for patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention). Both argatroban and bivalirudin are parenteral drugs and require close monitoring and hospitalization.
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