Roles of the gut microbiota in human neurodevelopment and adult brain disorders.

Growing evidence demonstrates the connection between gut microbiota, neurodevelopment, and adult brain function. Microbial colonization occurs before the maturation of neural systems and its association with brain development. The early microbiome interactions with the gut-brain axis evolved to stimulate cognitive activities.

Online monitoring system for qualitative and quantitative analysis of bioaerosols by combined ATP bioluminescence assay with loop-mediated isothermal amplification.

Rapid detection of airborne pathogens is crucial in preventing respiratory infections and allergies. However, technologies aiming to real-time analysis of microorganisms in air remain limited due to the sparse and complex nature of bioaerosols. Here, we introduced an online bioaerosol monitoring system (OBMS) comprised of integrated units including a rotatable stainless-steel sintered filter-based sampler, a lysis unit for extracting adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and a single photon detector-based fluorescence unit.

Enriched Environment Contributes to the Recovery from Neurotoxin-Induced Parkinson's Disease Pathology.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurological disorder that affects dopaminergic neurons. The lack of understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of PD pathology makes treating it a challenge. Several pieces of evidence support the protective role of enriched environment (EE) and exercise on dopaminergic neurons.

Fatty Acids and their Proteins in Adipose Tissue Inflammation.

Chronic low-grade adipose tissue inflammation is associated with metabolic disorders. Inflammation results from the intertwined cross-talks of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways in the immune response of adipose tissue. In addition, adipose FABP4 levels and lipid droplet proteins are involved in systemic and tissue inflammation.

BPA degradation using biogenic manganese oxides produced by an engineered Escherichia coli with a non-blue laccase from Bacillus sp. GZB.

Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disruptor that is often found in a variety of environmental matrixes, poses a serious health risk. One of the most effective methods for completely degrading BPA is biological oxidation. This study used a non-blue laccase to develop an engineer Escherichia coli strain for the synthesis of biogenic manganese oxides (BMO).

Low circulatory Fe and Se levels with a higher IL-6/IL-10 ratio provide nutritional immunity in tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis (TB) patients show dysregulated immunity, iron metabolism, and anemia. In this study, circulatory cytokines, trace metals, and iron-related proteins (hepcidin, ferroportin, transferrin, Dmt1, Nramp1, ferritin, ceruloplasmin, hemojuvelin, aconitase, and transferrin receptor) were monitored in case (active tuberculosis patients: ATB) and control (non-tuberculosis: NTB and healthy) study populations ( = 72, male: 100%, mean age, 42.94 years; range, 17-83 years).

Combined DFT, SCAPS-1D, and wxAMPS frameworks for design optimization of efficient CsBiAgI-based perovskite solar cells with different charge transport layers.

In this study, combined DFT, SCAPS-1D, and wxAMPS frameworks are used to investigate the optimized designs of CsBiAgI double perovskite-based solar cells. First-principles calculations are employed to investigate the structural stability, optical responses, and electronic contribution of the constituent elements in CsBiAgI absorber material, where SCAPS-1D and wxAMPS simulators are used to scrutinize different configurations of CsBiAgI solar cells. Here, PCBM, ZnO, TiO, C, IGZO, SnO, WS, and CeO are used as ETL, and CuO, CuSCN, CuSbS, NiO, P3HT, PEDOT:PSS, spiro-MeOTAD, CuI, CuO, VO, CBTS, CFTS are used as HTL, and Au is used as a back contact.

Maternal Obesity and Gut Microbiota Are Associated with Fetal Brain Development.

Obesity in pregnancy induces metabolic syndrome, low-grade inflammation, altered endocrine factors, placental function, and the maternal gut microbiome. All these factors impact fetal growth and development, including brain development. The lipid metabolic transporters of the maternal-fetal-placental unit are dysregulated in obesity.

Bioactive food components and their inhibitory actions in multiple platelet pathways.

In addition to hemostasis and thrombosis, blood platelets are involved in various processes such as inflammation, infection, immunobiology, cancer metastasis, wound repair and angiogenesis. Platelets' hemostatic and non-hemostatic functions are mediated by the expression of various membrane receptors and the release of proteins, ions and other mediators. Therefore, specific activities of platelets responsible for the non-hemostatic disease are to be inhibited while leaving the platelet's hemostatic function unaffected.

Evaluation of the equivalence of different intakes of Fruitflow in affecting platelet aggregation and thrombin generation capacity in a randomized, double-blinded pilot study in male subjects.

Background: The water-soluble tomato extract, Fruitflow® is a dietary antiplatelet which can be used to lower platelet aggregability in primary preventative settings. We carried out a pilot study to investigate the range of intakes linked to efficacy and to make an initial assessment of variability in response to Fruitflow®.

Methods: Platelet response to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) agonist and thrombin generation capacity were monitored at baseline and 24 h after consuming 0, 30, 75, 150 or 300 mg of Fruitflow® in a randomized, double-blinded crossover study in male subjects 30-65 years of age (N = 12).

Modified Technique of Doubly Folded Peritoneal Flap Interposition in Transabdominal Vesicovaginal Fistula Repair: Our Experience of 36 Cases.

Purpose: Correction of vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) using interpositional flaps is an established procedure. In open repair, omental flap gives good results. However, its availability in all the cases is questionable.

Colonization of Mice With Amoxicillin-Associated Drives Inflammation via Th1 Induction and Treg Inhibition.

β-Lactam antibiotics can increase the resistance and virulence of individual intestinal microorganisms, which may affect host physiology and health. , a crucial gut inhabitant, has been confirmed to be resistant to most β-lactam antibiotics and contributes to the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this study, the influence of amoxicillin (AMO) on and its role in colitis was investigated in an antibiotic cocktail (ABx) murine model.

Amoxicillin Increased Functional Pathway Genes and Beta-Lactam Resistance Genes by Pathogens Bloomed in Intestinal Microbiota Using a Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem.

Antibiotics are frequently used to treat bacterial infections; however, they affect not only the target pathogen but also commensal gut bacteria. They may cause the dysbiosis of human intestinal microbiota and consequent metabolic alterations, as well as the spreading of antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). experiments by simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (SHIME) can clarify the direct effects of antibiotics on different regions of the human intestinal microbiota, allowing complex human microbiota to be stably maintained in the absence of host cells.

Vancomycin exposure caused opportunistic pathogens bloom in intestinal microbiome by simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (SHIME).

Antibiotics are emerging organic pollutants posing high health risks to humans by causing human intestinal microbial disorders with increasing abundances of opportunistic pathogens, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been confirmed to restore the dysbiosis of gut flora in many kinds of intestinal disease. However, to date, few studies have focused on the bloomed opportunistic pathogens associated human disease-related pathways as well as antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) after vancomycin exposure, and there is limited information on using FMT for restoration of intestinal microbiome affected by antibiotics. Therefore, this study investigated effects of vancomycin on the opportunistic pathogens, human disease-related pathways as well as ARGs in human gut, and the restoration of intestinal microbiome by FMT.

The prolonged disruption of a single-course amoxicillin on mice gut microbiota and resistome, and recovery by inulin, Bifidobacterium longum and fecal microbiota transplantation.

The usages of antibiotics in treating the pathogenic infections could alter the gut microbiome and associated resistome, causing long term adverse impact on human health. In this study, mice were treated with human-simulated regimen 25.0 mg kg of amoxicillin for seven days, and their gut microbiota and resistome were characterized using the 16S rRNA amplicons sequencing and the high-throughput qPCR, respectively.

A non-blue laccase of Bacillus sp. GZB displays manganese-oxidase activity: A study of laccase characterization, Mn(II) oxidation and prediction of Mn(II) oxidation mechanism.

Laccase, a unique class of multicopper oxidase, presents promising potential as a biocatalyst in many industrial and biotechnological applications. Recently, it has been significantly applied in many metal-polluted sites due to its Manganese (Mn)-oxidation ability. Here, we demonstrate the Mn(II)-oxidase activity of laccase obtained from Bacillus sp.

Municipal Solid Waste Treatment System Increases Ambient Airborne Bacteria and Antibiotic Resistance Genes.

Landfill and incineration are the primary disposal practices for municipal solid waste (MSW) and have been considered as the critical reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). However, the possible transmission of ARGs from the municipal solid waste treatment system (MSWT system) to ambient air is still unclear. In this study, we collected inside and ambient air samples (PM and PM) and potential source samples (leachate and solid waste) in the MSWT system.

Gut resistomes, microbiota and antibiotic residues in Chinese patients undergoing antibiotic administration and healthy individuals.

Human gut microbiota is an important reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Although dysbacteriosis after the antibiotic course has been previously observed in the patient guts, a comprehensive comparison of gut resistomes, microbiota and antibiotic residues in healthy individuals and patients undergoing antibiotic administration is little. Using high-throughput qPCR, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and UPLC-MS/MS, we systematically examined the antibiotic resistome, gut microbiota, and antibiotic residues in fecal samples from both Chinese healthy individuals and patients receiving antibiotic therapy.

Occurrence and distribution of clinical and veterinary antibiotics in the faeces of a Chinese population.

Antibiotics ingested in the human gut may create selective pressure to change the composition of the gut microbiota, which could adversely effect the immune system of the host. However, the occurrence and distribution of antibiotics in the human gut remains unclear. A total population of 180 individuals, across three Chinses regions with different economic development levels, including children, adults, and elders, were sampled in 2017.

Antibiotic resistance genes attenuated with salt accumulation in saline soil.

Salt accumulation on the surface of the soil layer driven by the strong evaporation is a natural phenomenon that usually happens in the dry season, particularly on the coastal lands reclaimed from tidal flats. However, the influence of salt accumulation on the distribution profile of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile gene elements (MGEs) remains unclear. In this study, we sampled a wild saline soil where the salt accumulation was frequently observed to investigate the vertical distribution profiles of ARGs and MGEs.

A novel triple oral regime provides effective analgesia during extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy for renal stones.

Context: Analgesia during extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy for renal stone is an essential component. It not only makes the procedure comfortable but also increases the stone-free rate.

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of triple oral analgesic agents on stone fragmentation and pain relief in comparison to injectable analgesic agents.

Genome sequence of a spore-laccase forming, BPA-degrading Bacillus sp. GZB isolated from an electronic-waste recycling site reveals insights into BPA degradation pathways.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic chemical with known deleterious effects on biota. A genome sequencing project is an important starting point for designing a suitable BPA bioremediation process, because it provides valuable genomic information about the physiological, metabolic, and genetic potential of the microbes used for the treatment. This study explored genomic insights provided by the BPA-degrading strain Bacillus sp.