Comparison of oxidative stress status in the kidney tissue of male rats treated with paraquat and nanoparaquat.

The study aimed to compare the oxidative stress status in the kidney tissue of rats treated with paraquat and nanoparaquat. The levels of oxidative stress markers, including malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and thiol groups (TTG), were measured in the kidney tissue samples. A total of forty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to eight groups, each consisting of five rats: a control group, a paraquat (PQ) group, an N-acetylcysteine (NAC) group, groups receiving nanoparaquat α and β (α and β), groups receiving PQ and NAC (PQ + NAC), and groups receiving nanoparaquat α and β with NAC (+ NACα and β).

Accessibility of Special Care Dentistry Across Countries: A Scoping Review.

Introduction: People with special care needs often face significant barriers in accessing dental care due to physical and cognitive limitations, leading to high rates of dental issues like caries. Despite the growing recognition of these challenges, unmet dental care needs remain prevalent. This review aims to explore the global landscape of special care dentistry to identify gaps and opportunities for improving dental services for this population.

Computational Design of the Electronic Response for Volatile Organic Compounds Interacting with Doped Graphene Substrates.

Changes in the work function provide a fingerprint to characterize analyte binding in charge transfer-based sensor devices. Hence, a rational sensor design requires a fundamental understanding of the microscopic factors controlling the modification of the work function. In the current investigation, we address the mechanisms behind the work function change (WFC) for the adsorption of four common volatile organic compounds (toluene, ethanol, 2-Furfurylthiol, and guaiacol) on different nitrogen-doped graphene-based 2D materials using density functional theory.

Evaluation of exposure to volatile organic compounds (BTEX) and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in gas station workers and oxidative stress assessment in Karaj city.

Gas stations are one of the sources of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) and polyromantic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the level of breathing exposure of gas station workers to BTEX, PAHs and oxidative stress caused by exposure to these compounds in Karaj city. Oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the mechanisms involved in the toxicity caused by exposure to gas vapors.

Estimation of hydrogen solubility in aqueous solutions using machine learning techniques for hydrogen storage in deep saline aquifers.

The porous underground structures have recently attracted researchers' attention for hydrogen gas storage due to their high storage capacity. One of the challenges in storing hydrogen gas in aqueous solutions is estimating its solubility in water. In this study, after collecting experimental data from previous research and eliminating four outliers, nine machine learning methods were developed to estimate the solubility of hydrogen in water.

Valley-Polarized Topological Phases with In-Plane Magnetization.

The coexistence of valley polarization and topology has considerably facilitated the applications of 2D materials toward valleytronics device technology. However, isolated and distinct valleys are required to observe the valley-related quantum phenomenon. Herein, we report a new mechanism to generate in-plane magnetization direction-dependent isolated valley carriers by preserving or breaking the mirror symmetry in a 2D system.

Monitoring of Artificial Intelligence in Hospitals.

Monitoring of artificial intelligence (AI)-based algorithms is necessary for safe implementation and will be required in upcoming regulations. This study investigates the potential for monitoring of AI in hospitals. First, by reviewing regulatory requirements and state of the art of monitoring.

Apigenin ameliorates petrol vapors-induced oxidative stress as occupational and environmental pollutants in rats: An in vivo study.

Petrol vapors as important occupational and environmental pollutants can cause oxidative stress and may play a role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases along with the risk factors involved. This research is designed as a preliminary study to evaluate the protective effects of apigenin (APG) on oxidative stress caused by petrol vapors inhalation in rats. A total of 24 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups inside the inhalation chamber.

Effects of licorice extract in combination with a low-calorie diet on obesity indices, glycemic indices, and lipid profiles in overweight/obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common ovarian dysfunction. Recent studies showed the effectiveness of licorice on metabolic profiles with inconsistent findings. So, we investigated the effect of licorice on obesity indices, glycemic indices, and lipid profiles in women with PCOS.

Structurally-constrained encoding framework using a multi-voxel reduced-rank latent model for human natural vision.

. Voxel-wise visual encoding models based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have emerged as one of the prominent predictive tools of human brain activity via functional magnetic resonance imaging signals. While CNN-based models imitate the hierarchical structure of the human visual cortex to generate explainable features in response to natural visual stimuli, there is still a need for a brain-inspired model to predict brain responses accurately based on biomedical data.

Beyond metals: theoretical discovery of semiconducting MAX phases and their potential application in thermoelectrics.

MAX phase is a family of ceramic compounds, typically known for their metallic properties. However, we show here that some of them may be narrow bandgap semiconductors. Using a series of first-principles calculations, we have investigated the electronic structures of 861 dynamically stable MAX phases.

Effects of atypical antipsychotics on serum asprosin level and other metabolic parameters in patients with schizophrenia.

Background: In this cross-sectional study, we compared fasting serum asprosin levels and metabolic parameters between patients receiving one of three atypical antipsychotics (olanzapine, risperidone, or aripiprazole) and healthy subjects.

Methods: The study population included 62 adult outpatients with schizophrenia and 22 healthy controls, matched for age and gender. Patients were in remission and had been on stable monotherapy with one of these atypical antipsychotics for over 6 months.

Comparison of the effects of empagliflozin and sitagliptin, as add-on to metformin, on serum levels of asprosin and metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The effect of sitagliptin and empagliflozin on serum levels of asprosin and metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was assessed in a non-randomized, prospective observational study. Seventy-nine T2DM patients, without adequate glycemic control with metformin monotherapy, were included in the study. In addition to the ongoing metformin treatment, patients received sitagliptin 100 mg and empagliflozin 10 mg once daily for 12 weeks.

Quercetin's Restorative Properties in Male Mice with 3-Nitropropionic Acid-induced Huntington-like Symptoms: Molecular Docking, Behavioral, and Biochemical Assessment.

The neurotoxicity of 3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NP) is well known. Herein, the prophylactic versus therapeutic effects of quercetin (QCT) were investigated against 3-NP-induced behavioral anomalies and oxidative neural damage. Thirty male mice were assigned into five groups; the negative control group, the QCT group (25 mg/kg/day, p.

Omega-3 fatty acids and health of auditory and vestibular systems: a comprehensive review.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to comprehensively review animal and human studies that explore the role of omega-3 PUFAs in maintaining the health of the auditory organ across all life stages.

Methods: This narrative review involved searching Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library databases for relevant articles from December 1980 to July 2023.

Results: some animal and human studies suggest that both deficiency and excessive intake of long-chain omega-3 PUFAs, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), can lead to auditory neural conduction impairment and reduced hearing acuity from fetal development to old age (presbycusis).

Development of a label-free, sensitive gold nanoparticles-poly(adenine) aptasensing platform for colorimetric determination of aflatoxin B1 in corn.

In this work, a sensitive colorimetric bioassay method based on a poly(adenine) aptamer (polyA apt) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was developed for the determination of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The polyA apt, adsorbed on the AuNPs, especially can bind to the analyte while deterring non-specific interactions. This nano aptasensor uses cationic polymer poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) (PDDA), as an aggregating agent, to aggregate gold nanoparticles.

Managing Risk and Quality of AI in Healthcare: Are Hospitals Ready for Implementation?

Artificial intelligence (AI) provides a unique opportunity to help meet the demands of the future healthcare system. However, hospitals may not be well equipped to handle safe and effective development and/or procurement of AI systems. Furthermore, upcoming regulations such as the EU AI Act may enforce the need to establish new management systems, quality assurance and control mechanisms, novel to healthcare organizations.

Nanocrocin Protective Effects on Paraquat-Induced Oxidative Stress in the MRC-5 Cell Line.

Paraquat (PQ) herbicide poisoning is a severe medical problem in developing countries without suitable therapy. This study aimed to investigate the effects of crocin (CCN) and nano crocin (NCCN) on PQ -induced toxicity in the MRC-5 cell line. The results showed that the particle size of NCCN was 140.