Male sterility in plants: an overview of advancements from natural CMS to genetically manipulated systems for hybrid seed production.

The male sterility system in plants has traditionally been utilized for hybrid seed production. In last three decades, genetic manipulation for male sterility has revolutionized this area of research related to hybrid seed production technology. Here, we have surveyed some of the natural cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) systems that existed/ were developed in different crop plants for developing male sterility-fertility restoration systems used in hybrid seed production and highlighted some of the recent biotechnological advancements in the development of genetically engineered systems that occurred in this area.

Ectopic expression of DnaJ type-I protein homolog of () confers ABA insensitivity and multiple stress tolerance in transgenic tobacco plants.

Reduced crop productivity results from altered plant physiological processes caused by dysfunctional proteins due to environmental stressors. In this study, a novel DnaJ Type-I encoding gene, having a zinc finger motif in its C-terminal domain was found to be induced early upon treatment with heat stress (within 5 min) in a heat tolerant genotype of RMO-40. is induced by multiple stresses.

Improved photosynthetic characteristics correlated with enhanced biomass in a heterotic F hybrid of maize (Zea mays L.).

Heterosis is a phenomenon wherein F hybrid often displays phenotypic superiority and surpasses its parents in terms of growth and agronomic traits. Investigations on the physiological and biochemical properties of the heterotic F hybrid are important to uncover the mechanisms underlying heterosis in plants. In the present study, the photosynthetic capacity of a heterotic F hybrid of Zea mays L.

A proteomic study of cysteine protease induced cell death in anthers of male sterile tobacco transgenic plants.

Manifestation of male sterility in plants is an important requirement for hybrid seed production. Tapetum cell layer of anther is a primary target for genetic manipulation for male sterility. In our previous report, the targeted expression of cysteine protease in tapetum led to premature degeneration of tapetal layer that resulted in complete male sterility in transgenic tobacco plants.

Genome-wide characterization of ALDH Superfamily in Brassica rapa and enhancement of stress tolerance in heterologous hosts by BrALDH7B2 expression.

Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) carries out oxidation of toxic aldehydes using NAD/NADP as cofactors. In the present study, we performed a genome-wide identification and expression analysis of genes in the ALDH gene family in Brassica rapa. A total of 23 ALDH genes in the superfamily have been identified according to the classification of ALDH Gene Nomenclature Committee (AGNC).

Targeted expression of a cysteine protease (AdCP) in tapetum induces male sterility in Indian mustard, Brassica juncea.

The development of male sterile plants is a prerequisite to developing hybrid varieties to harness the benefits of hybrid vigor in crops and enhancing crop productivity for sustainable agriculture. In plants, cysteine proteases have been known for their multifaceted roles during programmed cell death, and in ubiquitin- and proteasome-mediated proteolysis. Here, we showed that Arachis diogoi cysteine protease (AdCP) expressed under the TA-29 promoter induced complete male sterility in Indian mustard, Brassica juncea.

Molecular Approaches for Manipulating Male Sterility and Strategies for Fertility Restoration in Plants.

Usable pollination control systems have proven to be effective system for the development of hybrid crop varieties, which are important for optimal performance over varied environments and years. They also act as a biocontainment to check horizontal transgene flow. In the last two decades, many genetic manipulations involving genes controlling the production of cytotoxic products, conditional male sterility, altering metabolic processes, post-transcriptional gene silencing, RNA editing and chloroplast engineering methods have been used to develop a proper pollination control system.