One-pot synthesis of iron oxide - Gamma irradiated chitosan modified SBA-15 mesoporous silica for effective methylene blue dye removal.

The development of adsorption technology and the processing of radiation have both been influenced by chitosan adsorbent (γ-chitosan), a raw material with unique features. The goal of the current work was to improve the synthesis of Fe-SBA-15 utilizing chitosan that has undergone gamma radiation (Fe-γ-CS-SBA-15) in order to investigate the removal of methylene blue dye in a single hydrothermal procedure. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), High angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM), small- and wide-angle X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to characterize γ-CS-SBA-15 that had been exposed to Fe.

Diversity of midgut microbiota in laboratory-colonized and field-collected (Diptera: Culicidae): A preliminary study.

is an important vector for many pathogens. Previous studies have revealed a role for midgut bacteria during pathogen infection in mosquitoes; however, studies of midgut bacteria are limited. We examined the diversity of midgut bacteria in female laboratory-colonized and field-collected .

Evaluation of host systems for efficient isolation and propagation of duck Tembusu virus.

Several phylogenetic clusters of duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) that caused outbreaks in ducks in Asia have been identified since its emergence in 2010, highlighting the need for an efficient host system that can support isolation of all circulating phylogenetic clusters of DTMUV. In this study, various host systems, including different avian embryonated eggs (duck and chicken) and cell cultures (primary duck embryo fibroblast (DEF), primary chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF), baby hamster kidney (BHK-21), African green monkey kidney (Vero) and clone C6/36 (C6/36) cells), were evaluated and compared for their ability to support DTMUV isolation and propagation. Our results showed that all host systems were susceptible to DTMUV infection; however, BHK-21 and primary DEF cells supported more efficient replication of DTMUV compared to the other host systems.

Evidence of pandemic H1N1 influenza exposure in dogs and cats, Thailand: A serological survey.

Influenza A virus causes respiratory disease in both humans and animals. In this study, a survey of influenza A antibodies in domestic dogs and cats was conducted in 47 animal shelters in 19 provinces of Thailand from September 2011 to September 2014. One thousand and eleven serum samples were collected from 932 dogs and 79 cats.

Genetic diversity of swine influenza viruses in Thai swine farms, 2011-2014.

The pig is known as a "mixing vessel" for influenza A viruses. The co-circulation of multiple influenza A subtypes in pig populations can lead to novel reassortant strains. For this study, swine influenza surveillance was conducted from September 2011 to February 2014 on 46 swine farms in Thailand.

Genetic characterization of canine influenza A virus (H3N2) in Thailand.

In January 2012, several clinical cases of dogs with flu-like symptoms, including coughing, sneezing, nasal discharge, and fever, were reported in a small-animal hospital located in Bangkok, Thailand. One influenza A virus was identified and characterized as an avian-like influenza virus H3N2. The virus was named A/canine/Thailand/CU-DC5299/12.

Comparative study of pandemic (H1N1) 2009, swine H1N1, and avian H3N2 influenza viral infections in quails.

Quail has been proposed to be an intermediate host of influenza A viruses. However, information on the susceptibility and pathogenicity of pandemic H1N1 2009 (pH1N1) and swine influenza viruses in quails is limited. In this study, the pathogenicity, virus shedding, and transmission characteristics of pH1N1, swine H1N1 (swH1N1), and avian H3N2 (dkH3N2) influenza viruses in quails was examined.

Quail as a potential mixing vessel for the generation of new reassortant influenza A viruses.

Quail has been proposed as one of the intermediate hosts supporting the generation of newly reassortant influenza A viruses (IAVs) with the potential to infect humans. To evaluate the role of quail as an intermediate host of IAVs, co-infections of quail with swine-origin pandemic H1N1 2009 (pH1N1) and low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) duck H3N2 (dkH3N2) viruses (n=10) or endemic Thai swine H1N1 (swH1N1) and dkH3N2 viruses (n=10) were conducted. Three additional groups of five quail were each inoculated with pH1N1, swH1N1 and dkH3N2 as control groups to verify that each virus can infect quail.

Single-step multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay for detection and differentiation of the 2009 H1N1 Influenza A virus pandemic in Thai swine populations.

A recently emerged H1N1 Influenza A virus (pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1)) with a Swine influenza virus (SIV) genetic background spread globally from human-to-human causing the first influenza virus pandemic of the 21st century. In a short period, reverse zoonotic cases in pigs followed by a widespread of the virus in the pig population were documented. The implementation of effective control strategies, rapid diagnosis, and differentiation of such virus from endemically circulating SIV in the various swine populations of the world is needed.

Serological evidence of pig-to-human influenza virus transmission on Thai swine farms.

We investigated influenza interspecies transmission in two commercial swine farms in Thailand. Sera from swine-exposed workers (n=78), age-matched non-swine-exposed healthy people (n=60) and swine populations in both farms (n=85) were studied. Hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) assay was performed on Thai swine H1 viruses (swH1N1 and swH1N2) isolated from both farms.

Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus on commercial swine farm, Thailand.

A swine influenza outbreak occurred on a commercial pig farm in Thailand. Outbreak investigation indicated that pigs were co-infected with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus and seasonal influenza (H1N1) viruses. No evidence of gene reassortment or pig-to-human transmission of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus was found during the outbreak.