Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder presenting as supraglottitis following pediatric heart transplantation treated with EBV-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes.

We present the case of a 4 year-old boy post heart transplantation who presented with signs and symptoms of critical airway obstruction and was initially diagnosed with infective supraglottitis. Following re-presentation and biopsy, this was confirmed as post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) in an unusual site; laryngeal PTLD is rare. The patient failed standard therapy and ultimately was successfully treated with EBV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL).

Outcome of congenital tracheal stenosis in children over two decades in a national cardiothoracic surgical unit.

Objective: To assess the outcomes of congenital tracheal stenosis among children.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review of all children who underwent surgical repair of congenital tracheal stenosis reviewing charts, operative notes, echocardiograms, CT and MRI data from January 2002 to February 2019.

Results: Twenty-six children underwent surgical treatment for tracheal stenosis.

Outcome of Subclassification of Indeterminate (Thy-3) Thyroid Cytology into Thy-3a and Thy-3f.

Objectives: The British Thy system is a widely used classification system for reporting thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology. The Royal College of Pathologists in 2009 recommended the subdivision of the Thy-3 (indeterminate) category into Thy-3a (atypia) and Thy-3f (follicular neoplasm). Our objective was to examine the malignancy rates of Thy-3a and Thy-3f cases at our institution and to investigate whether the risk of malignancy in Thy-3a cases is reduced by FNA on a different occasion showing benign cytology.

Effect of Endotracheal Tube Size on Vocal Outcomes After Thyroidectomy: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The optimum size of endotracheal tube (ETT) for general anesthesia remains unresolved. Choice of ETT size may be of particular relevance to thyroid surgery because of the increased risk of laryngeal trauma and concerns regarding postoperative vocal outcomes.

Objective: To test our hypothesis that intubation with a smaller ETT would lead to reduced postoperative vocal impairment and associated reduced laryngoscopic evidence of laryngeal trauma compared with intubation with a standard-size ETT.

Pediatric epistaxis: epidemiology, management & impact on quality of life.

Objective: Epistaxis in the pediatric population is a common problem for both primary care physicians (PCPs) and otolaryngologists. Although a frequent reason for referral to ENT clinics, data is lacking regarding causes, effects on quality of life and common treatment modalities.

Methods: Prospective, clinical and questionnaire based study, with ethical approval.

Thyroid tubercle of zuckerkandl is more consistently present and larger on the right: a prospective series.

Objective: The tubercle of Zuckerkandl (TZ) is a lateral projection from the thyroid lobe in the vicinity of the extralaryngeal termination of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN), which is a very useful landmark for identification of the RLN during thyroidectomy. The purpose of the present study was to test our hypothesis that the TZ is more consistently found and is larger on the right than on the left side, and to investigate the frequency of anatomic variations of the TZ.

Study Design: Prospective cohort study of 156 consecutive patients undergoing primary total thyroidectomy at an academic teaching hospital.

Is systematic identification of all four parathyroid glands necessary during total thyroidectomy?: a prospective study.

Objectives/hypothesis: Routine identification of all four parathyroid glands has been advocated as a means of reducing rates of postoperative hypocalcemia and inadvertent parathyroidectomy. The object of the present study was to investigate whether identification of more parathyroid glands during thyroidectomy performed by capsular dissection technique had any impact on incidence of postoperative hypocalcemia and unintentional parathyroid resection.

Study Design: Prospective cohort study of consecutive patients undergoing total thyroidectomy by capsular dissection technique over a 3-year period.

False negatives in thyroid cytology: impact of large nodule size and follicular variant of papillary carcinoma.

Objectives/hypothesis: Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology is well established in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules. However, false-negative rates for malignancy of 3% to 10% are reported. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the impact of nodule size and follicular variant of papillary carcinoma (FVPTC) on false-negative FNA rates in thyroid nodules and on malignancy rates in nodules with indeterminate cytology.