Upper extremity pain seen with fly-casting technique: a survey of fly-casting instructors.

Objective: To identify the prevalence of upper extremity pain symptoms in fly-casting instructors and examine the association between pain and casting style and equipment.

Methods: We used a cross-sectional survey of a randomly selected group of 577 fly-casting instructor mailing-list members and recorded equipment; casting styles; pain symptoms; and Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand inventory. We used univariate statistical tests to examine the associations between pain and casters' equipment and styles.

Is there an association between athletic amenorrhea and endothelial cell dysfunction?

Purpose: To test the hypothesis that young females with athletic amenorrhea and oligomenorrhea show signs of early cardiovascular disease manifested by decreased endothelium-dependent dilation of the brachial artery.

Methods: Ten women with athletic amenorrhea (mean +/- SE, age 21.9 +/- 1.

Does oral creatine supplementation improve strength? A meta-analysis.

Objectives: Oral creatine is the most widely used nutritional supplement among athletes. Our purpose was to investigate whether creatine supplementation increases maximal strength and power in healthy adults.

Study Design: Meta-analysis of existing literature.