Impact of historical soil management on the interaction of plant-growth-promoting bacteria with maize (Zea mays L.).

Edaphic factors can modulate the effects of microbial inoculants on crop yield promotion. Given the potential complexity of microbial inoculant responses to diverse soil management practices, we hypothesize that sustainable management of soil and water irrigation may improve soil quality and enhance the effects of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). Consequently, the primary objective was to assess the effectiveness of microbial inoculants formulated with (Hs) and (Ab) on maize growth in soils impacted by different historical conservation management systems.

Downregulated Adipose Tissue Expression of Browning Genes With Increased Environmental Temperatures.

Context: Climate change and global warming have been hypothesized to influence the increased prevalence of obesity worldwide. However, the evidence is scarce.

Objective: We aimed to investigate how outside temperature might affect adipose tissue physiology and metabolic traits.

Chemical properties of Oxisol cultivated with corn in management systems of soil irrigated with swine production wastewater.

Waste generated from agribusiness, such as swine production, can be used in agricultural soil; however, certain technical criteria should be followed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different depths of irrigation with swine wastewater (SW), associated with the soil management system, on soil chemical attributes after two corn crop cycles. The experiments were conducted in the field, in an arrangement with two soil management systems (conventional tillage system - CTS and no-tillage system - NTS) and five depths of irrigation with SW (50%, 75%, 100%, 125% and 150% of evapotranspiration from the crop - ETc).

Evaluation of superabsorbent polymer (SAP) in oviposition traps used in the integrated control of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894) (Diptera:Culicidae).

Background: Egg collection traps have been studied to assist in the integrated control of arbovirus vectors. Many enhancements have been made over the years.

Methods: This study evaluated the use of a hydrated superabsorbent polymer (SAP) in the egg collection of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in ovitraps.

Monitoring Leishmania infantum Infections in Female Lutzomyia longipalpis by Using DNA Extraction on Cation Exchange Paper and PCR Pool Testing.

Visceral leishmaniasis remains a serious public health issue, and Brazil was among the seven countries with the highest prevalence of this disease worldwide. The measures to control this disease are not easily developed, and the improvement of its diagnosis, surveillance, and control is still needed. This study aimed to carry out the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnosis of in vector samples in some municipalities of the State of São Paulo, which included two municipalities with human disease transmission and two with dog transmission only.

Phenotype evaluation of human and canine isolates of Leishmania infantum.

Human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and canine leishmaniasis (CanL) in countries of South and Central America are caused by Leishmania infantum and has been endemic in Brazil for several years. The parasite biodiversity as well as the pharmacologic properties of drugs and the host species, are involved in the efficacy or inefficacy of leishmaniasis treatments. Although there are substantial number of reports describing the genetic characterization of the clinical field isolates of L.

Spatial and seasonal distribution of Lutzomyia longipalpis in Dracena, a city in the western region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, that is endemic with visceral leishmaniasis.

Introduction: Vector seasonality knowledge is important for monitoring and controlling of vector-borne diseases. Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lu. longipalpis) is the main vector of Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum Nicolle, 1908, which is the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis in the Americas.

The distribution pattern of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) in the peridomiciles of a sector with canine and human visceral leishmaniasis transmission in the municipality of Dracena, São Paulo, Brazil.

The specimen distribution pattern of a species can be used to characterise a population of interest and also provides area-specific guidance for pest management and control. In the municipality of Dracena, in the state of São Paulo, we analysed 5,889 Lutzomyia longipalpis specimens collected from the peridomiciles of 14 houses in a sector where American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) is transmitted to humans and dogs. The goal was to analyse the dispersion and a theoretical fitting of the species occurrence probability.

The road to sustainability must bridge three great divides.

The world's large and rapidly growing human population is exhausting Earth's natural capital at ever-faster rates, and yet appears mostly oblivious to the fact that these resources are limited. This is dangerous for our well-being and perhaps for our survival, as documented by numerous studies over many years. Why are we not moving instead toward sustainable levels of use? We argue here that this disconnection between our knowledge and our actions is largely caused by three "great divides": an ideological divide between economists and ecologists; an economic development divide between the rich and the poor; and an information divide, which obstructs communications between scientists, public opinion, and policy makers.

First Report of Orange Rust of Sugarcane Caused by Puccinia kuehnii in Mexico, El Salvador, and Panama.

Symptoms of sugarcane orange rust were observed on July 17, 2008 on sugarcane cvs. Mex 57-1285, Mex 61-230, and Co 301 (a clone received in Mexico in 1953) at the Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de la Caña de Azúcar en Tuxtla Chico, Chiapas, Mexico. In El Salvador, from August 2008 through January 2009, rust symptoms were observed on cv.

Stress responses in Prochlorococcus MIT9313 vs. SS120 involve differential expression of genes encoding proteases ClpP, FtsH and Lon.

Prochlorococcus is a marine cyanobacterium responsible for a significant part of global primary production as well as being one of the most abundant organisms on Earth. Protein turnover is an essential and poorly understood aspect of the cyanobacterial response to environmental stresses. In the present work, cultures of the SS120 and MIT9313 strains were subjected to several conditions, and quantitative real time RT-PCR was used to measure changes in the expression of genes encoding three representative ATP-dependent proteases.

Expression of genes involved in nitrogen assimilation and the C/N balance sensing in Prochlorococcus sp. strain SS120.

The expression of five genes involved in nitrogen assimilation in cyanobacteria, namely glnA, glsF, icd, ntcA, and glnB, encoding three key enzymes from that pathway (glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase) and two regulatory proteins (NtcA and PII), was studied in this work. Their changes under different conditions were analyzed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Nutrient limitation induced clear modifications on the expression of most studied genes: lack of nitrogen provoked an initial increase, followed by a marked decrease; in the cases of phosphorus and iron starvation, a general, stronger expression decrease was observed, particularly striking in the case of iron.

Physiological role and regulation of glutamate dehydrogenase in Prochlorococcus sp. strain MIT9313.

Glutamate dehydrogenase is an enzyme catalysing a reaction for ammonium assimilation, alternative to those performed by glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase. In the genus Prochlorococcus, genomic studies have shown the presence of the gdhA gene (encoding glutamate dehydrogenase) in only four of the sequenced strains, including MIT9313. We studied the physiological regulation of glutamate dehydrogenase in this strain, by measuring the expression of gdhA, the intracellular concentration of the enzyme and its activity.

[Dengue: sero-epidemiological survey and virological surveillance in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil].

The epidemiology of dengue in the municipality of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, was studied in 1998 using a randomized sero-epidemiological survey. Epidemiological surveillance data from 1996-2003 were also analyzed, with an emphasis on virological surveillance. 1,260 individuals participated in the survey and had blood samples drawn by finger stick on filter paper.

[Anthropophilic activity of Aedes aegypti and of Aedes albopictus in area under control and surveillance].

Objective: To describe the hematophagous activity of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in an area under control and surveillance.

Topical tretinoin 0.1% for pregnancy-related abdominal striae: an open-label, multicenter, prospective study.

In an open-label, multicenter, prospective study, 20 women applied tretinoin (retinoic acid) cream 0.1% daily for 3 months to pregnancy-related stretch marks in the abdominal area. Efficacy was evaluated by analysis of one preselected target lesion, which was rated on a six-point scale (-1 = worse to 4 = cleared).

[Triatoma infestans in area under entomological surveillance for Chagas' disease in São Paulo State, Brazil].

In response to notification of the capture of a winged triatomine bug by local inhabitants, an epidemiological investigation was investigated in the rural area of the Municipality of Paulínia, São Paulo State (Brazil). This led to the collection of 109 specimens of Triatoma infestans from peridomiciliary breeding sites. Local conditions favored colonization by triatomine bugs: many abandoned outbuildings were inhabited by pigeons and sparrows, which meant abundant feed for these bugs.

[Malaria in the region of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, 1980 to 1994].

According to epidemiological data, from 1980 to 1994, 2,781 cases of malaria were registered as follows: DIR XII-Campinas (49.3%), DIR XV-Piracicaba (41.3%) and DIR XX-São João da Boa Vista (9.

[Dengue fever: a post-epidemic sero-epidemiological survey in an urban area setting at a northwestern county of São Paulo State, Brazil].

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the real size of the epidemics registered in the urban area of the county of Santa Bárbara D'Oeste, SP, Brazil, from April to June, 1995. The measurement of the epidemiological validity of the official surveillance system criteria and its positive predicted value were adopted as specific goals.

Methods: A sero-epidemiological survey was carried out over a sample of 1,113 sera from citizens of Santa Barbara D'Oeste, through a systematic random sampling of houses, five months after the end of the epidemics.

Immunofluorescence test on Schistosoma mansoni worm paraffin sections (IgM-IFT) for the study of schistosomiasis transmission in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.

The detection of IgM antibodies for Schistosoma mansoni using gut-associated antigens (IgM-IFT) was compared to the parasitological Kato-Katz method for study of the transmission of schistosomiasis in an urban area in Campinas. About 400 schoolchildren whose ages ranged from 6 to 18 years, were observed for a period of two years. Blood samples on filter paper and fecal samples were collected, at intervals of six months.

[Sandflies (Diptera, Psychodidae) from the transmission area for American cutaneous leishmaniasis in the town of Itupeva, the southeastern region of São Paulo state, Brazil].

The present study was effected aiming the verification of the seasonal, spatial and hourly of the phlebotominic species found in the county of Itupeva. Captures were performed fortnightly and 864 sand flies were collected between april/94 and march/95. 81.

[Eco-epidemiological aspects of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Municipality of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil].

The authors describe an outbreak of American cutaneous leishmaniasis from February 1993 to September 1994 in the districts of Sousas and Joaquim Egídio, Campinas, São Paulo State. Out of a total of 25 cases, seven occurred in the countryside, nine in the periurban area, and nine in the urban area. The authors observed a shift in the occurrence of leishmaniasis cases from rural to urban areas.