Modality-Specific and Amodal Language Processing by Single Neurons.

According to psycholinguistic theories, during language processing, spoken and written words are first encoded along independent phonological and orthographic dimensions, then enter into modality-independent syntactic and semantic codes. Non-invasive brain imaging has isolated several cortical regions putatively associated with those processing stages, but lacks the resolution to identify the corresponding neural codes. Here, we describe the firing responses of over 1000 neurons, and mesoscale field potentials from over 1400 microwires and 1500 iEEG contacts in 21 awake neurosurgical patients with implanted electrodes during written and spoken sentence comprehension.

Novel tools to quantify total, phospho-Ser129 and aggregated alpha-synuclein in the mouse brain.

Assays for quantifying aggregated and phosphorylated (S129) human α-synuclein protein are widely used to evaluate pathological burden in patients suffering from synucleinopathy disorders. Many of these assays, however, do not cross-react with mouse α-synuclein or exhibit poor sensitivity for this target, which is problematic considering the preponderance of mouse models at the forefront of pre-clinical α-synuclein research. In this project, we addressed this unmet need by reformulating two existing AlphaLISA SureFire Ultra™ total and pS129 α-synuclein assay kits to yield robust and ultrasensitive (LLoQ ≤ 0.

Unicentric Castleman Disease: Updates and Novel Insights Into Spindle Cell Proliferations and Aggressive Forms of a Localized Disease.

Castleman Disease (CD) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder that can be separated into two primary forms: Unicentric Castleman disease (UCD) and multicentric Castleman disease (MCD). UCD is localized, while MCD is systemic. Though UCD generally has a favorable prognosis following surgical resection, more aggressive forms of this disease have been identified, including cases associated with dendritic and spindle cell proliferation.

Development of a Spectrophotometric Flow-Based System for the Determination of Total Polyphenol Content in Legume Flours.

Introduction: Conventional nutritional characterization of legume flours comprises costly and laborious analytical methods for nutrient quantification that establish the quality of seeds, including their macronutrient quantification, fiber, mineral, antioxidant content, and more. The quantification of total polyphenol content (TPC) in legumes is performed using different analytic methods, namely the Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) method, which is lengthy and employs potentially toxic reagents. Additionally, it is time-consuming and prone to human error if carried out in a conventional batch mode.

Development and Evaluation of a Convolutional Neural Network for Microscopic Diagnosis Between Pleomorphic Adenoma and Carcinoma Ex-Pleomorphic Adenoma.

Aims: To develop a model capable of distinguishing carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma from pleomorphic adenoma using a convolutional neural network architecture.

Methods And Results: A cohort of 83 Brazilian patients, divided into carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma (n = 42) and pleomorphic adenoma (n = 41), was used for training a convolutional neural network. The whole-slide images were annotated and fragmented into 743 869 (carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenomas) and 211 714 (pleomorphic adenomas) patches, measuring 224 × 224 pixels.

Variation in bovine milk stability according to lactational stage and genetic group.

We address the hypothesis that at early and late lactation milk presents low ethanol stability due to high acidity and ionic calcium values. Our aim was to evaluate the functional traits of milk (milk ethanol stability: MES, acidity and ionic calcium: iCa) according to lactation stage in different genetic groups. Raw milk samples were collected from Jersey ( = 271), Holstein ( = 248) and Jersey × Holstein crossbred cows ( = 82), raised on five commercial farms located in the state of Paraná, Brazil.

Genetic Mapping of , a New Lethal Allele of .

The mutation was generated in a Flp/FRT EMS screen for conditional mutations that cause growth and developmental defects in a genetic background that blocks apoptosis. The mutations were conditional, based on the allele being present on the starting chromosome, and blocking canonical apoptosis in a homozygous state. The mosaic eyes exhibit defects in eye development including patches of rough eye and irregular surface structure.

Cell type- and layer-specific plasticity of olfactory bulb interneurons following olfactory sensory neuron ablation.

Lifelong neurogenesis endows the mouse olfactory system with a capacity for regeneration that is unique in the mammalian nervous system. Throughout life, olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) are generated from olfactory epithelium (OE) stem cells in the nose, while the subventricular zone generates neuroblasts that migrate to the olfactory bulb (OB) and differentiate into multiple populations of inhibitory interneurons. Methimazole (MMZ) selectively ablates OSNs, but OE neurogenesis enables OSN repopulation and gradual recovery of OSN input to the OB within 6 weeks.

Effect of ripening time on the content of bioactive peptides and fatty acids profile of Artisanal Coalho cheese.

The present study aimed to investigate the influence of ripening on the physicochemical, microbiological aspects, and fatty acid profile of Artisanal Coalho Cheeses and to detect if there are peptides with bioactive potential in their composition. Artisanal Coalho Cheese samples were kindly provided by a dairy farm located in Brazil in the Rio Grande do Norte state. A completely randomized design was adopted, with four maturation periods (0, 30, 45, and 60 days).

Weight Development and Growth Curves of Grazing Santa Inês Sheep Supplemented with Concentrate in the Pre-Weaning Phase.

Monitoring weight development is essential for decision-making and assessing the effectiveness of management strategies. However, this practice is often hindered by the lack of scales on farms. This study aimed to characterize the weight development and growth curves of male and female Santa Inês lambs from birth to weaning, managed on pasture with creep-fed concentrate supplementation.

Uncovering gaps in women's authorship: A big data analysis in academic surgery.

Introduction: Women are underrepresented in surgical authorship. Using big data analyses, we aimed to investigate women's representation as first and last authors in surgical publications worldwide and identify underlying predictors.

Methods: We retrieved eligible surgical journals using Scimago Journal & Country Rank 2021.

Can habits and behaviors predict colonization by community-associated MRSA in patients admitted to a Brazilian hospital?

This study aimed to identify factors associated with colonization by community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) in adult patients admitted to a Brazilian hospital. This is a cross-sectional study, in which patients underwent a nasal swab and were asked about hygiene behavior, habits, and clinical history. Among the 702 patients, 180 (25.

Emergency Surgical Treatment and Triage: Targeting Optimal Outcomes for Emergency Surgical Patients From Index Encounter Through Definitive Care.

Background: Patients with emergency surgical conditions (ESCs) experience higher complication rates than those without emergency conditions. Our purpose was to improve time-based key performance indicators (KPIs) of care for ESC patients, including diagnostic workup, empiric stabilization, and referral to definitive care.

Methods: A rapid response program (ESTAT) was developed to screen for and coordinate optimal, timely care for a spectrum of high-risk ESCs, from the patient's index clinical encounter up to definitive care.

Intraventricular dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) induces hydrocephalus in a dose-dependent pattern.

Introduction: Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a widely utilized solvent in the medical industry, has been associated with various adverse effects, even at low concentrations, including damage to mitochondrial integrity, altered membrane potentials, caspase activation, and apoptosis. Notably, therapeutic molecules for central nervous system treatments, such as embolic agents or some chemotherapy drugs that are dissolved in DMSO, have been associated with hydrocephalus as a secondary complication. Our study investigated the potential adverse effects of DMSO on the brain, specifically focusing on the development of hydrocephalus and the effect on astrocytes.

MET alterations in advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Precision medicine has helped identify several tumor molecular aberrations to be treated with targeted therapies. These therapies showed substantial improvement in efficacy without excessive toxicity in patients with specific oncogenic drivers with advanced cancers. In metastatic lung cancers, the implementation of broad platforms for molecular tumor sequencing has helped oncology providers identify oncogenic drivers linked with better outcomes when treated upfront with targeted therapies.

Cactus species and tree forage hay in the diet of dairy goats.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of the association of Opuntia stricta (OS) or Nopalea cochenillifera (NC) with Moringa hay (MY) or Leucaena hay (LY) on nutrient intake, ingestive behavior, serum biochemistry, and milk production and composition of dairy goat. Eight multiparous Saanen goats were used, with an average of 68 ± 8 days in milk and 48.5 ± 6 kg of initial weight, fed with the following treatment diets: OS + MY; OS + LY; NC + MY, and NC + LY.

Microfluidic Paper-Based Device Incorporated with Silica Nanoparticles for Iodide Quantification in Marine Source Dietary Supplements.

Iodine is an essential micronutrient for humans due to its fundamental role in the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones. As a key parameter to assess health conditions, iodine intake needs to be monitored to ascertain and prevent iodine deficiency. Iodine is available from various food sources (such as seaweed, fish, and seafood, among others) and dietary supplements (multivitamins or mineral supplements).

Expanding Global Surgery Education in Brazil: Perspectives after the 35th Brazilian Surgical Congress.

The 35th Brazilian Congress of Surgery marked a turning point for surgical education in the country. For the first time, the Brazilian College of Surgeons included Global Surgery on the main congressional agenda, providing a unique opportunity to rethink how surgical skills are taught from a public health perspective. This discussion prompts us to consider why and how Global Surgery education should be expanded in Brazil.

Use of a rhodamine-based chelator in a microfluidic paper-based analytical device for the in-situ copper quantification in natural waters.

This work describes the development of a microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD) for the determination of copper in fresh and marine waters. A functionalized rhodamine-based chelator was synthesized and used as a chromogenic reagent, forming a highly intense pink complex with the analyte. The aim was to create a paper device that offers optimal performance and provides in-situ, rapid and cost-effective analysis in line with World Health Organization guidelines.

An Overview of the Occurrence of Bioactive Peptides in Different Types of Cheeses.

The search for improvements in quality of life has increasingly involved changes in the diet, especially the consumption of foods which, in addition to having good nutritional value, are characterized by offering health benefits. Among the molecules that trigger several beneficial responses are peptides, which are specific fragments of proteins known to produce positive effects on the human body. This review aimed to discuss the bioactive potential of peptides from cheeses.