The Importance of Neighborhood in 9-1-1 Ambulance Contacts: A Geospatial Analysis of Medical and Trauma Emergencies in Denver.

Background: Prehospital emergency care is a vital component of healthcare access, and emergency medical services (EMS) plays an essential role in healthcare delivery. Understanding the distribution of medical and trauma EMS calls at the neighborhood level would be beneficial to identify at-risk communities and facilitate targeted interventions. : The primary objective was to evaluate and characterize 9-1-1 ambulance contacts for medical and trauma-related events in Denver.

Impact of product safety changes on accidental exposures to liquid laundry packets in children.

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of the ASTM International (formerly American Society of Testing Materials) safety standard and associated product safety changes on accidental exposures to liquid laundry packets (LLPs) in children.

Methods: The National Poison Data System was queried for reports of accidental exposures to LLPs in children <6 years old received from 01 July 2012 to 31 December 2018. In 2014, ASTM International began developing a standard specifying voluntary product changes to reduce the risk of LLP exposures in young children.

Recovery from Copperhead Snake Envenomation: Role of Age, Sex, Bite Location, Severity, and Treatment.

Introduction: Few data exist to understand the recovery phase of pit viper envenomation. A recently published placebo-controlled clinical trial affords this opportunity. The purpose of this study is to examine the time course of recovery from copperhead snake (Agkistrodon contortrix) envenomation patients managed with and without the use of antivenom, stratified by age, sex, anatomic site of envenomation, initial severity of envenomation, and geographic region.

Flow Restrictors and Reduction of Accidental Ingestions of Over-the-Counter Medications.

Introduction: Flow restrictors are child-resistant packaging innovations designed to limit the amount of liquid dispensed from a medication bottle. In 2011, flow restrictors were added to pediatric liquid single-ingredient acetaminophen formulations. The hypothesis of this study is that implementation would be associated with reduced volume and severity of pediatric acetaminophen exposures reported to the U.

The Efficacy of Antivenin Latrodectus (Black Widow) Equine Immune F(ab') Versus Placebo in the Treatment of Latrodectism: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Clinical Trial.

Study Objective: The antivenom currently available for treatment of systemic black widow envenomation (latrodectism) is composed of equine whole immunoglobin. Although considered effective, it has been associated with anaphylaxis and 2 reported fatalities. We test the efficacy and safety of new equine antivenom composed of purified F(ab') antibody fragments.

Poison center exposures due to therapeutic misuse of nonprescription acetaminophen-containing combination products in the United States 2007-2016.

Background: Overdoses due to therapeutic misuse result when the maximum dose of a drug is exceeded while using it for its intended purpose, due to either intentionally exceeding the label dose, misunderstanding the label or use of more than one product with the same ingredient. Nonprescription acetaminophen-containing combination products have been hypothesized to be a risk for therapeutic misuse. This study assessed the contribution of nonprescription acetaminophen-containing products to Poison Center exposures and the time trend in these exposures since public attention was brought to their potential risks.

Frequency of Poison Center Exposures for Pediatric Accidental Unsupervised Ingestions of Acetaminophen after the Introduction of Flow Restrictors.

Objective: To assess the temporal association of flow restrictor introduction and the rate of accidental unsupervised ingestions (AUIs) of liquid acetaminophen products.

Study Design: The National Poison Data System was used to identify AUIs of single ingredient acetaminophen in patients aged <12 years reported between 2007 and 2015. Six regional poison centers obtained additional information using a structured telephone survey.

Medication Errors With Pediatric Liquid Acetaminophen After Standardization of Concentration and Packaging Improvements.

Objective: To assess the impact of the 2011 changes in pediatric single-ingredient liquid acetaminophen product packaging and standardization of the acetaminophen concentration (160 mg/5 mL) on poison control center exposures due to medication errors.

Methods: National Poison Data System (NPDS) data from January 1, 2007, through December 31, 2016, were used to identify medication error exposures involving single-ingredient liquid acetaminophen in children younger than 12 years of age. Surveys were conducted through 6 regional poison control centers to obtain additional information on a subset of exposures.

Adverse events associated with pediatric exposures to dextromethorphan.

Study Objective: Dextromethorphan is the most common over-the-counter (OTC) antitussive medication. We sought to characterize adverse events associated with dextromethorphan in children <12 years old from a surveillance program of OTC cough/cold medication exposures.

Methods: This is a retrospective case series of oral exposures to dextromethorphan with ≥1 adverse event from multiple U.