Ocular inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor in a pediatric patient.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a mesenchymal neoplasm that rarely metastasizes and is more commonly seen in children, adolescents, and young adults than older adults. These tumors, composed of myofibroblasts and inflammatory cells, are often confused for a local infection due to the inflammatory cell infiltration, and they form in mucosal surfaces but rarely arise in the orbit. We present the case of a 6-year-old girl with excisional biopsy-confirmed conjunctival stromal IMT.

Presumed Melanoma of Unknown Primary Origin Metastatic to the Choroid Mimics Primary Uveal Melanoma.

We describe the case of a 69-year-old woman who presented with a decline in vision in the left eye and was found to have a choroidal lesion with clinical and echographic features concerning for primary uveal melanoma. Systemic imaging identified numerous metastases to the liver, kidneys, paratracheal lymph nodes, lung, and brain. The hepatic lesion was biopsied, and genetic analysis identified a Val600Glu (c.

Uveal Melanoma: Refusal of Treatment.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore factors for refusing treatment in patients diagnosed with uveal melanoma and their subsequent clinical course.

Methods: This study included patients with uveal melanoma who refused standard of care treatment. Patient-reported reasons and pre-existing mental health diagnoses were assessed.

Intrafamilial Variability of Ocular Manifestations of von Hippel-Lindau Disease.

In this retrospective cohort study, we describe intrafamilial phenotypic variability of retinal hemangioblastoma (RH) in families with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease. Patients with molecularly confirmed VHL evaluated at our institution were identified, and records were reviewed. For individuals with sufficient follow-up and imaging (n=27), the number and location of RHs at the initial and most recent follow-up visits were recorded along with treatment method and systemic manifestations.

Choroidal macrovessel: Systematic review and analysis of anatomic origin.

There are various hypotheses for the anatomic origin of a choroidal macrovessel. We assess whether a choroidal macrovessel is a dilated posterior ciliary artery. A systematic review of published literature on choroidal macrovessels was performed with two additional cases from our institution.

Intravenous Chemotherapy for Retinoblastoma in the Era of Intravitreal Chemotherapy: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: The published data on ocular survival following intravenous chemotherapy of retinoblastoma (RB) seems to be skewed by evolving practice patterns induced by use of intravitreal chemotherapy (iVitc). We aimed to explore potential role of iVitc for vitreous seeding for patients treated with intravenous chemotherapy (IVC).

Methods: A literature search was performed to identify cases of RB treated with primary IVC prior to advent of iVitc by various search engines (PubMed, Medline, and Google) from 1992 to 2018.

Ocular surface squamous neoplasia: outcomes following primary excision with 2 mm margin and cryotherapy.

Purpose: To assess margins and the rate of local recurrence of ocular surface squamous neoplasia after excision with a 2 mm margin and cryotherapy at a single ophthalmic oncology center.

Outcome Measures: (1) Conjunctival margin were assessed as positive, negative, or indeterminate margins. (2) Feasibility of repair without a graft.

Photodynamic therapy for choroidal melanoma: What is the response rate?

To determine the response rate of choroidal melanoma following primary photodynamic therapy, we conducted a meta-analysis of published studies. A total of 7 studies reporting photodynamic therapy as primary treatment of choroidal melanoma in 162 patients with a mean tumor height of 2.8 mm (1.

Primary acquired melanosis/melanoma: utility of conjunctival map biopsy.

Aim: To assess the role of map biopsy in patients with conjunctival primary acquired melanosis (PAM)/melanoma.

Methods: Retrospective case series of 400 conjunctival biopsy samples of 51 unique patients in a tertiary referral centre.

Results: Each patient underwent one diagnostic biopsy and several additional map biopsies (range 2-7) providing a total of 400 samples for the analysis (55 diagnostic biopsies, 345 map biopsies).

Uveal Melanoma in BAP1 Tumor Predisposition Syndrome: Estimation of Risk.

Purpose: To estimate point prevalence of uveal melanoma in the patients with germline BAP1 pathogenic variant.

Design: Cohort study with risk assessment using Bayesian analysis.

Methods: The point prevalence estimate was obtained by Bayes's rule of reverse conditional probabilities.

VITREOUS SEEDING OF CHOROIDAL MELANOMA.

Purpose: To report a case of vitreous seeding in a medium-sized choroidal melanoma and review the literature.

Methods: Observational case report and review of literature for pathogenesis, role of vitreous biopsy, and treatment outcomes.

Results: A case of 57-year-old man diagnosed with vitreous seeding in the left eye 1 year after episcleral brachytherapy for medium-sized choroidal melanoma.

Intraocular Tumors: Angiographic Patterns.

Intraocular tumors are primarily diagnosed clinically. However, ancillary tests such as fluorescein angiogram provides excellent visualization of retinal tumors while indocyanine green angiography reveals intrinsic vascular patterns of choroidal tumors. In this review, we contrast angiographic patterns of a variety of retinal, choroidal, and iris tumors.

Isolated Diffuse Choroidal Hemangioma: A Variant of Sturge-Weber Syndrome?

The authors report a case of a diffuse choroidal hemangioma in the left eye of a 17-year-old girl. No evidence of leptomeningeal angiomatosis was found on magnetic resonance imaging and neither the medical history nor the clinical examination revealed a port wine birthmark on the left side of the face. Fine telangiectatic vessels were found on the bulbar conjunctiva of the ipsilateral eye.

An Update on Endocrine Mucin-producing Sweat Gland Carcinoma: Clinicopathologic Study of 63 Cases and Comparative Analysis.

Endocrine mucin-producing sweat gland carcinoma (EMPSGC) is a rare, low-grade adnexal neoplasm with predilection for the periorbital skin of older women. Histologically and immunophenotypically, EMPSGC is analogous to another neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation, solid papillary carcinoma of the breast. Both lesions are spatially associated with neuroendocrine mucinous adenocarcinomas of the skin and breast, respectively.

Ocular Syphilis: Clinical Manifestations and Treatment Course.

Introduction: We report 3 ocular syphilis cases that highlight the increasing incidence, variable presentation, diagnostic challenges, and treatment considerations of this potentially visionthreatening disease.

Case Series: A 39-year-old woman with diabetes and intravenous (IV) drug use presented with 3 weeks of decreased vision, left-eye photopsia, and rash. A 52-year-old man who has sex with men (MSM), presented with a 1-month history of upper respiratory infection-like symptoms, right-eye scotoma, redness, headache, and muffled hearing.

Bilateral Globe Penetration From Electromyography Electrode Placement for Intraoperative Neurophysiologic Monitoring.

Purpose: This interventional case report discusses inadvertent bilateral temporal globe penetration during placement of intramuscular wire electrodes to the lateral rectus muscles for intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) via electromyography.

Methods: An 11-year-old girl underwent surgical resection of massive medulloblastoma within the fourth ventricle, requiring IONM. Placement of an electrode in each lateral rectus muscle resulted in bilateral globe penetration, with choroidal rupture, retinal tears, and hemorrhage.

The Programmed Death Pathway in Ocular Adnexal Sebaceous Carcinoma.

Purpose: Sebaceous carcinoma can be highly malignant and difficult to treat. Surgical excision followed by periocular reconstruction is the primary method of treatment. In aggressive cases, radiation, topical chemotherapy, and systemic chemotherapy have been explored as adjuvant therapy.

The Most Common Causes of Eye Pain at 2 Tertiary Ophthalmology and Neurology Clinics.

Background: Eye pain is a common complaint, but no previous studies have determined the most common causes of this presenting symptom. Our objective was to determine the most common causes of eye pain in 2 ophthalmology and neurology departments at academic medical centers.

Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional analysis and chart review at the departments of ophthalmology and neurology at the University Hospital Zurich (USZ), University of Zürich, Switzerland, and the University of Utah (UU), USA.

Comparative analysis of the safety and efficacy of intracameral cefuroxime, moxifloxacin and vancomycin at the end of cataract surgery: a meta-analysis.

Background: Current practice methods are unclear as to the most safe and effective prophylactic pharmacotherapy and method of delivery to reduce postoperative endophthalmitis occurrence.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis using Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines was performed to compare the efficacy of intracameral cefuroxime, moxifloxacin and vancomycin in preventing postphacoemulsification cataract surgery endophthalmitis. A safety analysis of intracameral antibiotics was concurrently performed.

A phase I trial of azacitidine and nanoparticle albumin bound paclitaxel in patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors.

Background: Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), an albumin-binding protein, is downregulated by hypermethylation in many cancers. Hypomethylating agents such as azacitidine can upregulate SPARC in tumors, which may enhance the accumulation of albumin-bound drugs at tumor site. The objectives of this phase I trial was to determine the safety and maximum tolerated dose and to assess any clinical activity of the combination of azacytidine and weekly nanoparticle-albumin-bound (nab®) paclitaxel.

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as prognostic indicator in gastrointestinal cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

An accurate, time efficient, and inexpensive prognostic indicator is needed to reduce cost and assist with clinical decision making for cancer management. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), which is derived from common serum testing, has been explored in a variety of cancers. We sought to determine its prognostic value in gastrointestinal cancers and performed a meta-analysis of published studies using the Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines.

Complete response to azacitidine priming and nab-paclitaxel in non-Hodgkin lymphoma resistant to biochemotherapy.

The standard of care for first-line therapy in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (R-CHOP) regimen. For patients who fail to respond, have an incomplete response or relapse, numerous effective options exists besides salvage cisplatin-based regimen and autologous stem cell therapy. Even with this approach, the outcome remains very poor for this group of patients.