Reversing selectivity of bambusuril macrocycles toward inorganic anions by installing spacious substituents on their portals.

Two chiral bambusurils, which are diastereomers to each other, show remarkable differences in their binding affinity and selectivity toward inorganic anions as determined by isothermal titration calorimetry. These differences are explained by quantum-chemical calculations.

Regenerative treatment of canine osteogenic lesions with Platelet-Rich Plasma and hydroxyapatite: a case report.

Introduction: This study examined the efficacy of a therapy based on a combination of Platelet Rich Plasma and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in a severe clinical case involving a young Rottweiler with a complex spiral fracture of the tibia.

Method: Following a worsening of the lesion after traditional surgical intervention, the subject was treated with the combined therapy. X-rays were taken at the following stages: immediately post-surgery, four weeks post-surgery, and 10 days post-treatment.

Human identification: an investigation of 3D models of paranasal sinuses to establish a biological profile on a modern UK population.

Medical imaging is a valuable source for facilitating empirical research and provides an accessible gateway for developing novel forensic anthropological methods for analysis including 3D modelling. This is especially critical for the United Kingdom (UK), where methods developed from modern UK populations do not currently exist. This study introduces a new approach to assist in human identification using 3D models of the paranasal sinuses.

Merging Bambus[6]uril and Biotin[6]uril into an Enantiomerically Pure Monofunctionalized Hybrid Macrocycle.

Bambus[6]urils and biotin[6]urils are macrocycles with an exceptional affinity for inorganic anions. Here, we investigated statistical condensation of 2,4-dibenzylglycoluril and d-biotin, monomers of the corresponding macrocycles, to prepare the enantiomerically pure macrocycle containing a single d-biotin and five glycoluril units. Host-guest properties of in chloroform solution and solid state were investigated.

Arthroscopic Treatment of a Subchondral Bone Cyst via Stem Cells Application: A Case Study in Equine Model and Outcomes.

Subchondral bone cysts in horses represent one of the main causes of lameness that can occur in different anatomical locations. The study describes the treatment in regenerative therapy of the intracystic implantation of adipose tissue mesenchymal stromal cells (AMSCs) included in platelet-rich plasma (PRP). The ability of AMSCs to differentiate in osteogenic cells was tested in vitro and in vivo.

Sex estimation from virtual models: exploring the potential of stereolithic 3D crania models for morphoscopic trait scoring.

Unlabelled: Modern computed tomography (CT) databases are becoming an accepted resource for the practice and development of identification methods in forensic anthropology. However, the utility of 3D models created using free and open-source visualization software such as 3D Slicer has not yet been thoroughly assessed for morphoscopic biological profiling methods where virtual methods of analysis are becoming more common. This paper presents a study that builds on the initial findings from Robles et al.

Innovative Nanostructured Fillers for Dental Resins: Nanoporous Alumina and Titania Nanotubes.

The possibility of improving dental restorative materials is investigated through the addition of two different types of fillers to a polymeric resin. These fillers, consisting of porous alumina and TiO nanotubes, are compared based on their common physicochemical properties on the nanometric scale. The aim was to characterize and compare the surface morphological properties of composite resins with different types of fillers using analytical techniques.

Articular Cartilage Regeneration by Hyaline Chondrocytes: A Case Study in Equine Model and Outcomes.

Cartilage injury defects in animals and humans result in the development of osteoarthritis and the progression of joint deterioration. Cell isolation from equine hyaline cartilage and evaluation of their ability to repair equine joint cartilage injuries establish a new experimental protocol for an alternative approach to osteochondral lesions treatment. Chondrocytes (CCs), isolated from the autologous cartilage of the trachea, grown in the laboratory, and subsequently arthroscopically implanted into the lesion site, were used to regenerate a chondral lesion of the carpal joint of a horse.

GxxxG Motif Stabilize Ion-Channel like Pores through C-H···O Interaction in Aβ (1-40).

Aβ (1-40) can transfer from the aqueous phase to the bilayer and thus form stable ion-channel-like pores where the protein has alpha-helical conformation. The stability of the pores is due to the presence of the GXXXG motif. It has been reported that these ion-channel-like pores are stabilized by a Cα-H···O hydrogen bond that is established between a glycine of the GXXXG sequence of an alpha-helix and another amino acid of a vicinal alpha-helix.

Dehydration-Induced alterations to sharp force trauma on Sus domesticus radii.

Dehydration is a taphonomic process that affects nearly all skeletal remains, yet there is a dearth of evidence on this process within the forensic taphonomy literature. When considering the forensic implications of skeletal dehydration, a particular area of concern is sharp force trauma due to its global prominence in forensic cases. In an attempt to address these literature gaps and quantify the effects that dehydration has on skeletal elements, a controlled experiment subjected Sus domesticus (i.

Monomerization of Phthalocyanines in Water via Their Supramolecular Interactions with Cucurbiturils.

Aggregation of phthalocyanines (Pcs) represents a problematic feature that decreases the potential of these macrocycles in a number of applications. In this work, we present a supramolecular approach based on the interaction of aminoadamantyl-substituted Pcs with bulky and hydrophilic cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) to increase the levels of Pc monomers in water. A series of zinc(II) Pcs substituted at positions α or β by an aminoadamantyl substituent (with a different level of alkylation of nitrogen) were prepared from the corresponding phthalonitriles.

Highly Efficient and Selective Recognition of Dicyanoaurate(I) by a Bambusuril Macrocycle in Water.

Dicyanoaurate(I) anion, [Au(CN) ] , plays a central role in the current industrial production of gold, as its extraction from crude ore samples represents the most money-consuming step. Herein, we present the strongest host-guest recognition of dicyanoaurate anion using the bambusuril receptor in water, a highly competitive solvent. The micromolar stability of such a complex facilitated the up to date most efficient supramolecular stripping of dicyanoaurate from activated carbon at ambient temperature.

A multi-method assessment of 3D printed micromorphological osteological features.

The evaluation of 3D printed osteological materials has highlighted the difficulties associated with accurately representing fine surface details on printed bones. Moreover, there is an increasing need for reconstructions to be demonstrably accurate and reliable for use in the criminal justice system. The aim of this study was to assess the surface quality of 3D prints (n = 9) that presented with micromorphological alterations from trauma, taphonomy and pathology processes.

An assessment of the reliability of cut surface characteristics to distinguish between hand-powered reciprocating saw blades in cases of experimental dismemberment.

Criminal dismemberment is most commonly committed with a variety of hand-powered saws. These saws leave characteristic marks upon the bone that can assist in the identification of the weapon utilized. The current study provides frequencies of presentation of ten cut surface characteristics and examines intra- and interindividual variation between three hand-powered reciprocating saws.

Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI) for the Documentation of Saw Mark Characteristics.

Photography is widely accepted as a means of forensic case documentation and evaluation. In cases of criminal dismemberment digital microscopy is commonly used to assess marks left on the bone. Reflectance transformation imaging (RTI) is a computational photography technique which documents and enhances the three-dimensional (3D) reflectance properties of the surface of an object.

Socioeconomic differences in diet: An isotopic examination of post-Medieval Chichester, West Sussex.

Objectives: Historical evidence suggests that social hierarchy pervaded all aspects of society in post-Medieval England. This study uses stable isotope analysis to explore the extent to which socioeconomic status and sex affected the dietary habits of the inhabitants of post-Medieval Chichester.

Materials And Methods: Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios were measured on 40 human burials from the post-Medieval site of St.

Forensic Gait Analysis and Recognition: Standards of Evidence Admissibility.

Gait is one biological characteristic which has attracted strong research interest due to its potential use in human identification. Although almost two decades have passed since a forensic gait expert has testified to the identity of a perpetrator in court, the methods remain insufficiently robust, considering the recent paradigm shift witnessed in the forensic science community regarding quality of evidence. In contrast, technological advancements have taken the lead, and research into automated gait recognition has greatly surpassed forensic gait analysis in terms of the size of acquired datasets and demographic variability of participants, tested variables, and statistical evaluation of results.

A Preliminary Investigation into the Accuracy of 3D Modeling and 3D Printing in Forensic Anthropology Evidence Reconstruction.

There is currently no published empirical evidence-base demonstrating 3D printing to be an accurate and reliable tool in forensic anthropology, despite 3D printed replicas being exhibited as demonstrative evidence in court. In this study, human bones (n = 3) scanned using computed tomography were reconstructed as virtual 3D models (n = 6), and 3D printed using six commercially available printers, with osteometric data recorded at each stage. Virtual models and 3D prints were on average accurate to the source bones, with mean differences from -0.

Extensive periosteal new bone formation in a skeleton from post-Medieval Chichester, England: A probable case of metastatic prostatic carcinoma.

An elderly male skeleton from a site in Chichester, UK, was found with a widespread periosteal reaction, principally affecting the axial skeleton and the pelvis. Radiography showed the presence of sclerosing infiltrates, mainly involving the lumbar vertebrae and pelvis. The differential diagnosis is discussed, reaching the conclusion that hypertrophic osteo-arthopathy (HOA) is the only reasonable alternative condition likely to produce such a widespread periosteal reaction as found here.

The suitability of visual taphonomic methods for digital photographs: An experimental approach with pig carcasses in a tropical climate.

In the context of increased scrutiny of the methods in forensic sciences, it is essential to ensure that the approaches used in forensic taphonomy to measure decomposition and estimate the postmortem interval are underpinned by robust evidence-based data. Digital photographs are an important source of documentation in forensic taphonomic investigations but the suitability of the current approaches for photographs, rather than real-time remains, is poorly studied which can undermine accurate forensic conclusions. The present study aimed to investigate the suitability of 2D colour digital photographs for evaluating decomposition of exposed human analogues (Sus scrofa domesticus) in a tropical savanna environment (Hawaii), using two published scoring methods; Megyesi et al.

An examination of the spatial distribution of the tissue fragments created during a single explosive attack.

Throughout the course of a forensic investigation following an explosive attack, the identification and recovery of tissue fragments is of extreme importance. There are few universally accepted methods to achieve this end. This project aims to explore this issue through the examination of the spatial distribution of the tissue fragments resulting from an explosive event.

Cascading Bias of Initial Exposure to Information at the Crime Scene to the Subsequent Evaluation of Skeletal Remains.

Thirty-eight participants took part in a study that investigated the potential cascading effects of initial exposure to extraneous context upon subsequent decision-making. Participants investigated a mock crime scene, which included the excavation of clandestine burials that had a male skeletal cast dressed either in female or gender neutral clothing. This was followed by a forensic anthropological assessment of the skeletal remains, with a control group assessing the same male skeletal cast without any clothing context.

Extensive unusual lesions on a large number of immersed human victims found to be from cookiecutter sharks (Isistius spp.): an examination of the Yemenia plane crash.

Accurate determination of the origin and timing of trauma is key in medicolegal investigations when the cause and manner of death are unknown. However, distinction between criminal and accidental perimortem trauma and postmortem modifications can be challenging when facing unidentified trauma. Postmortem examination of the immersed victims of the Yemenia airplane crash (Comoros, 2009) demonstrated the challenges in diagnosing extensive unusual circular lesions found on the corpses.