Electronic Properties of Chlorine, Methyl, and Chloromethyl as Substituents to the Ethylene Group--Viewed from the Core of Carbon.

"Substituent effects" is an important and useful concept in organic chemistry. Although there are many approaches to parametrizing the electronic and steric effects of substituents, the physical basis for the parameters is often unclear. The purpose of the present work is to explore the properties of chemical shifts in carbon 1s energies as a well-defined basis for characterizing substituents to an ethylene C═C moiety.