A Virtual Multi-institution Pediatric Radiology Peer Teaching Conference Improves Knowledge of Educators.

Rationale And Objectives: Medical education led by peers and near-peers has been shown to benefit both teachers and learners and can be successfully incorporated into radiology education. The authors created a virtual, multi-institution pediatric radiology conference employing peer and near-peer teaching with the goals of improving radiology knowledge and enhancing the educational experience of radiology trainees.

Materials And Methods: Two radiology residency programs implemented a common pediatric radiology curriculum and joint quarterly virtual peer teaching conference.

Developing a Learning Objective-Based Pediatric Radiology Curriculum to Supplement Resident Education.

Learning objectives are invaluable components of medical curricula. They are required by the ACGME for all educational experiences offered by radiology residencies, but their number and quality varies significantly from program to program. In this article, we describe the development of a new pediatric radiology curriculum featuring outcome-based learning objectives with accompanying recommended resources to achieve these objectives and evaluate its initial reception by first-year radiology residents at our institution.

Validation of the Radiographic Global Impression of Change (RGI-C) score to assess healing of rickets in pediatric X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH).

Background: Rickets is a primary manifestation of pediatric X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) - a rare progressive hereditary phosphate-wasting disease. Severity is quantified from radiographs using the Rickets Severity Scale (RSS). The Radiographic Global Impression of Change (RGI-C) is a complementary assessment in which a change score is assigned based on differences in the appearance of rickets on pairs of radiographs compared side by side.

Artificial intelligence-assisted interpretation of bone age radiographs improves accuracy and decreases variability.

Objective: Radiographic bone age assessment (BAA) is used in the evaluation of pediatric endocrine and metabolic disorders. We previously developed an automated artificial intelligence (AI) deep learning algorithm to perform BAA using convolutional neural networks. We compared the BAA performance of a cohort of pediatric radiologists with and without AI assistance.

Real-Time Electronic Dashboard Technology and Its Use to Improve Pediatric Radiology Workflow.

The purpose of our study was to create a real-time electronic dashboard in the pediatric radiology reading room providing a visual display of updated information regarding scheduled and in-progress radiology examinations that could help radiologists to improve clinical workflow and efficiency. To accomplish this, a script was set up to automatically send real-time HL7 messages from the radiology information system (Epic Systems, Verona, WI) to an Iguana Interface engine, with relevant data regarding examinations stored in an SQL Server database for visual display on the dashboard. Implementation of an electronic dashboard in the reading room of a pediatric radiology academic practice has led to several improvements in clinical workflow, including decreasing the time interval for radiologist protocol entry for computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging examinations as well as fewer telephone calls related to unprotocoled examinations.

CT and MRI of Rare Extraintestinal Manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children and Adolescents.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with a spectrum of extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) affecting many organ systems. EIMs can occur in more than 40% of patients with IBD and are associated with significant morbidity. They occur at any time point in the course of disease, often during an active phase of bowel inflammation, but sometimes preceding bowel disease.

Initial Clinical Experience With Extremity Cone-Beam CT of the Foot and Ankle in Pediatric Patients.

Objective: Extremity cone-beam CT (CBCT) scanners have become available for clinical use in the United States. The purpose of this study was to review an initial clinical experience with CBCT of the foot and ankle in pediatric patients.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of all foot or ankle CBCT examinations performed on patients 18 years old and younger at one institution from August 1, 2013, through February 28, 2015.

Fishtail deformity--a delayed complication of distal humeral fractures in children.

Background: Concavity in the central portion of the distal humerus is referred to as fishtail deformity. This entity is a rare complication of distal humeral fractures in children.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to describe imaging features of post-traumatic fishtail deformity and discuss the pathophysiology.

Role of MRI in the diagnosis and treatment of osteomyelitis in pediatric patients.

Osteomyelitis is a significant cause of morbidity in children throughout the world. Multiple imaging modalities can be used to evaluate for suspected osteomyelitis, however magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has distinct advantages over other modalities given its ability to detect early changes related to osteomyelitis, evaluate the true extent of disease, depict extraosseous spread of infection, and help guide surgical management. MRI has assumed a greater role in the evaluation of osteomyelitis with the increase in musculoskeletal infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus which have unique imaging features that are well-demonstrated with MRI.

Oxygen saturation can predict pediatric pneumonia in a resource-limited setting.

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends using age-specific respiratory rates for diagnosing pneumonia in children. Past studies have evaluated the WHO criteria with mixed results.

Objective: We examined the accuracy of clinical and laboratory factors for diagnosing pediatric pneumonia in resource-limited settings.

Growth arrest and leg-length discrepancy.

Identification of congenital and acquired etiologies causing alignment disorders and leg-length discrepancies (LLD) in children is important for management. Minor differences in the lengths of the lower extremities are considered a normal variation and usually have no clinical significance. However, LLD of greater than 1 cm can cause altered biomechanics, resulting in scoliosis, back and lower extremity joint pain, pelvic tilt, abnormal gait and premature degenerative joint disease.

Relationship between radiologist training level and fluoroscopy time for voiding cystourethrography.

Objective: The objective of our study was to determine whether voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) fluoroscopy time is related to the training level of the performing radiologist.

Materials And Methods: VCUG reports with normal findings from 2008 to 2011 at one institution were retrospectively reviewed. The average fluoroscopy time was calculated for first-year radiology residents, senior radiology residents, pediatric radiology fellows, and attending pediatric radiologists.

Avascular necrosis of the metacarpal head: a report of two cases and review of literature.

Background: Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the metacarpal head is a rare condition that can go unrecognized on radiography and progress to degenerative arthritis. Few reports describe the association with trauma, steroid use and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Optimal treatment for this condition has not been established and long-term prognosis is unknown.