The stability and modulation of if-then rules versus prospective planning in movement selection under dual-tasking conditions.

Two approaches to movement selection, if-then rules versus prospective planning, were investigated. Studies have shown that the rule-based approach leads to more efficient movement selection than the plan-based approach, though the resulting movements are the same. This dual-tasking study investigates two hypotheses explaining this discrepancy: The efficiency hypothesis states that the rule-based approach to movement selection is more efficient, and its advantage over the plan-based approach increases under any kind of enhanced task demands.

Apraxia: From Neuroanatomical Pathways to Clinical Manifestations.

Purpose Of Review: Apraxia typically involves impairments in gesture production and tool use, affecting daily life activities. This article reviews current conceptualizations and developments in diagnostic and therapy.

Recent Findings: Apraxia has been studied in various neurological conditions, particularly stroke and dementia, but recent studies show gesturing deficits in psychiatric populations as well.

Trainability of affordance judgments in right and left hemisphere stroke patients.

Whenever we are confronted with action opportunities in everyday life, e.g., when passing an opening, we rely on our ability to precisely estimate our own bodily capabilities in relation to the environmental conditions.

[Prognostic factors in an individualised approach to non-pharmacological therapy of COVID-19: from oxygen and mechanical ventilation to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation].

Background: Our centre followed a stepwise approach in the nonpharmacological treatment of respiratory failure in COVID-19 in accordance with German national guidelines, escalating non-invasive measures before invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The aim of this study was to analyse this individualized approach to non-pharmacologic therapy in terms of patient characteristics and clinical features that may help predict more severe disease, particularly the need for intensive care.

Method: This retrospective single-centre study of COVID-19 inpatients between March 2020 and December 2021 analysed anthropometric data, non-pharmacological maximum therapy and survival status via a manual medical file review.

Diagnosing homo digitalis: towards a standardized assessment for digital tool competencies.

Introduction: In the 21st century, digital devices have become integral to our daily lives. Still, practical assessments designed to evaluate an individual's digital tool competencies are absent. The present study introduces the "Digital Tools Test" ("DIGI"), specifically designed for the evaluation of one's proficiency in handling common applications and functions of smartphones and tablets.

Attention deficits and depressive symptoms improve differentially after rehabilitation of post-COVID condition - A prospective cohort study.

Background: Depressive and cognitive symptoms like fatigue, loss of energy or sleep disorders characterise the post-COVID condition. Post-COVID psychosomatic rehabilitation should focus on both symptom groups. The current prospective cohort study addresses the change in these symptoms in the context of a psychosomatic rehabilitation.

Short-term intervention complemented by wearable technology improves Trichotillomania - A naturalistic single-case report.

There is a growing interest in using wearable technology for the treatment of (BFRBs), such as Trichotillomania. Yet, to our knowledge, few studies address the applicability and use of wearable technology as a therapeutic element in more naturalistic situations. Here we would like to introduce its potential use combined with a Habit-Reversal Training in a single-case experimental design.

Analysis of an Individualised Stepwise Approach to Non-Pharmacological Therapy in COVID-19.

Background: Early intubation versus use of conventional or high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (COT/HFNC), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and non-invasive ventilation (NIV) has been debated throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Our centre followed a stepwise approach, in concordance with German national guidelines, escalating non-invasive modalities prior to invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), rather than early or late intubation.

Objectives: The aims of the study were to investigate the real-life usage of these modalities and analyse patient characteristics and survival.

Does aging amplify the rule-based efficiency effect in action selection?

When it comes to the selection of adequate movements, people may apply varying strategies. Explicit if-then rules, compared to implicit prospective action planning, can facilitate action selection in young healthy adults. But aging alters cognitive processes.

Selective effects of psychosocial stress on plan based movement selection.

Efficient movement selection is crucial in everyday activities. Whether this function is governed by our stress system is so far unknown. In the current study, data from thirty-six young male adults were analyzed.

100 years after Liepmann-Lesion correlates of diminished selection and application of familiar versus novel tools.

100 years ago, Liepmann highlighted the role of left ventro-dorsal lesions for impairments in conceptual (rather ventral) and motor (more dorsal) related aspects of apraxia. Many studies thereafter attributed to an extended left fronto-temporo-parietal network. Yet, to date there are only few studies that looked at apraxic performance in the selection and application of familiar versus novel tools.

Improvement of Apraxia With Augmented Reality: Influencing Pantomime of Tool Use via Holographic Cues.

Defective pantomime of tool use is a hall mark of limb apraxia. Contextual information has been demonstrated to improve tool use performance. Further, knowledge about the potential impact of technological aids such as augmented reality for patients with limb apraxia is still scarce.

Manual praxis and language-production networks, and their links to handedness.

While Liepmann was one of the first researchers to consider a relationship between skilled manual actions (praxis) and language for tasks performed "freely from memory", his primary focus was on the relations between the organization of praxis and left-hemisphere dominance. Subsequent attempts to apply his apraxia model to all cases he studied - including his first patient, a "non-pure right-hander" treated as an exception - left the praxis-handedness issue unresolved. Modern neuropsychological and recent neuroimaging evidence either showed closer associations of praxis and language, than between handedness and any of these two functions, or focused on their dissociations.

Association of Fatigue Severity With Maladaptive Coping in Multiple Sclerosis: A Data-Driven Psychodynamic Perspective.

Fatigue in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) is severely disabling. However, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Recent research suggests a link to early childhood adversities and psychological trait variables.

Is This Within Reach? Left but Not Right Brain Damage Affects Affordance Judgment Tendencies.

The ability to judge accurately whether or not an action can be accomplished successfully is critical for selecting appropriate response options that enable adaptive behaviors. Such affordance judgments are thought to rely on the perceived fit between environmental properties and knowledge of one's current physical capabilities. Little, however, is currently known about the ability of individuals to judge their own affordances following a stroke, or about the underlying neural mechanisms involved.

Exploring Adherence to First-Line and Second-Line Immunotherapies in Multiple Sclerosis: An Interview Study.

Background: Treatment adherence is fundamental in multiple sclerosis (MS) management. Adherence rates vary significantly between studies, ranging from 30% to almost 90%, depending on assessment method and medication type. This study aimed to identify patient-related categories associated with treatment modification or discontinuation in people with MS receiving either first- or second-line treatment.

Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis Is Associated With Childhood Adversities.

Fatigue is a common and disabling symptom in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS). Its pathogenesis, however, is still not fully understood. Potential psychological roots, in particular, have received little attention to date.

Medication beliefs in first-line and second-line treated multiple sclerosis patients.

Background: Immune treatments of multiple sclerosis (MS) can be classified in first-line and second-line approaches. While in both treatment efficacy is often not easy to assess in the short-term, treatment and illness beliefs may differ in first-line and second-line treated patients. The current study aimed to assess differential beliefs about medicine and illness perception between these groups based on the hypothesis that they are closely connected to adherence behaviour.

Does it still fit? - Adapting affordance judgments to altered body properties in young and older adults.

Actor-related affordance judgments are decisions about potential actions that arise from environmental as well as bodily and cognitive conditions. The system can be challenged by sudden changes to otherwise rather stable actor references e.g.

A combined therapy for limb apraxia and related anosognosia.

Left hemisphere stroke frequently leads to limb apraxia, a disorder that has been reported to impact independence in daily life and rehabilitation success. Nonetheless, there is a shortcoming in research and availability of applicable trainings. Further, to date, anosognosia for limb apraxia has largely been neglected.

In search of distinct MS-related fatigue subtypes: results from a multi-cohort analysis in 1.403 MS patients.

Fatigue is among the most disabling symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). The common distinction between cognitive and motor fatigue is typically incorporated in self-rating instruments, such as the Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire (CFQ), the Fatigue Scale for Motor and Cognitive Functions (FSMC) or the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS). The present study investigated the factor structure of the CFQ, the FSMC and the MFIS utilizing exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) as well as exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM).

[Formula: see text] Limb apraxia profiles in different clinical samples.

: Limb apraxia is a motor cognitive disorder that has been mainly studied in patients with dementia or left hemisphere stroke (LHS). However, limb apraxia has also been reported in patients with right hemisphere stroke (RHS), multiple sclerosis (MS) or traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study's aim was to report detailed praxis performance profiles in samples suffering from these different neurological disorders by use of the Diagnostic Instrument for Limb Apraxia (DILA-S).

Correction: Does it fit?-Trainability of affordance judgments in young and older adults.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Does it fit? - Trainability of affordance judgments in young and older adults.

Will I fit into the overcrowded subway? Advanced aging can change our abilities associated with accurately judging the fit between perceived environmental properties and our own actual physical capabilities (affordance judgments). Two experimental studies examined the effects of aging and trainability in affordance judgments. Participants were asked to decide whether their hand fits into a given opening (Aperture Task).

It takes two to pantomime: Communication meets motor cognition.

For over a century, pantomime of tool use has been employed to diagnose limb apraxia, a disorder of motor cognition primarily induced by left brain damage. While research consistently implicates damage to a left fronto-temporo-parietal network in limb apraxia, findings are inconsistent regarding the impact of damage to anterior versus posterior nodes within this network on pantomime. Complicating matters is the fact that tool use pantomime can be affected and evaluated at multiple levels.