Salmonella enterica Serovar Abony Outbreak Caused by Clone of Reference Strain WDCM 00029, Chile, 2024.

A Salmonella enterica serovar Abony outbreak occurred during January-April 2024 in Chile. Genomic evidence indicated that the outbreak strain was a clone of reference strain WDCM 00029, which is routinely used in microbiological quality control tests. When rare or unreported serovars cause human infections, clinicians and health authorities should request strain characterization.

Assessing the Risk of Antimicrobial Resistant Enterococcal Infections in Humans Due to Bacitracin Usage in Poultry.

Bacitracin is an antimicrobial used in the feed or water of poultry in the U.S. for the prevention, treatment, and control of clostridial diseases such as necrotic enteritis.

Animal drug shortages limit veterinary therapeutic options and introduce artifacts in antimicrobial sales reporting.

Supply chain issues disrupt veterinary care and cause downstream consequences that alter the practice of veterinary medicine. Antimicrobials are just 1 class of pharmaceuticals that have been impacted by supply chain issues over the last couple of years. Since February 2021, 2 sponsors/manufacturers of penicillin products have reported shortages in the active pharmaceutical ingredient.

Health of wild fish exposed to contaminants of emerging concern in freshwater ecosystems utilized by a Minnesota Tribal community.

Fish serve as indicators of exposure to contaminants of emerging concern (CECs)-chemicals such as pharmaceuticals, hormones, and personal care products-which are often designed to impact vertebrates. To investigate fish health and CECs in situ, we evaluated the health of wild fish exposed to CECs in waterbodies across northeastern Minnesota with varying anthropogenic pressures and CEC exposures: waterbodies with no human development along their shorelines, those with development, and those directly receiving treated wastewater effluent. Then, we compared three approaches to evaluate the health of fish exposed to CECs in their natural environment: a refined fish health assessment index, a histopathological index, and high-throughput (ToxCast) in vitro assays.

Biodegradation, photolysis, and sorption of antibiotics in aquatic environments: A scoping review.

The presence of antibiotics in surface waters is a potential driver of antibiotic resistance and thus of concern to human and environmental health. Key factors driving the potential impact of antibiotics are their persistence and transport in rivers and lakes. The goal of this study was to describe the peer-reviewed published literature on the photolysis (direct and indirect), sorption, and biodegradation of a selected group of antibiotic compounds following a scoping review methodology.

On-farm antimicrobial usage in commercial turkey production in the United States, 2013-2021.

A key component of antimicrobial stewardship is the ability to collect antimicrobial use data and ultimately use this information to ensure that administrations are necessary and effective. National antimicrobial sales data cannot help in this capacity because the data lack context, for example, details concerning target species and disease indication. The objective of this study was to continue the development of a system for collecting flock-level on-farm antimicrobial use data from the U.

Efficacy of Antibiotic and Non-antibiotic Interventions in Preventing and Treating Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler Chickens: A Systematic Review.

The objective of this systematic review was to compare the efficacy of antibiotic and non-antibiotic alternatives in the prevention and treatment of necrotic enteritis (NE) in broiler chickens. experimental and observational studies that compared the administration of non-antibiotic compounds with antibiotics to prevent or treat NE in broiler chickens and that evaluated mortality and/or clinical or subclinical NE outcome measures were eligible. Four electronic databases were searched in December 2019 and updated in October 2021.

Antimicrobial usage in broiler chicken production in the United States, 2013-2021.

Although efforts to improve antimicrobial stewardship should include the collection of antimicrobial use data, most antimicrobial datasets collected at the national level consist of antimicrobial sales data which cannot inform stewardship. These data lack context, such as information regarding target species, disease indication, and regimen specifics like dose, route and duration. Therefore, the goal of this study was to develop a system for collecting data on the use of antimicrobials in the U.

Estimates of on-farm antimicrobial usage in egg production in the United States, 2016-2021.

Very few data exist globally regarding the use of antimicrobials in the table egg industry. Antimicrobial use data from broiler chickens and turkeys cannot be used as a surrogate of layer chickens because of the fact that table eggs for human consumption are produced daily by laying hens. To avoid the possibility of antimicrobial residues in the eggs, there are very few antimicrobials approved for use in layers in the U.

Antimicrobial use in 20 U.S. beef feedyards: 2018-2019.

The objective of this study was to report antimicrobial use in a convenience sample of U.S. beef feedyards for the years 2018 and 2019.

The association of multiple metrics for evaluating antimicrobial use in U.S. beef feedyards.

In order to accurately portray antimicrobial use in food animals, the need for standardized metrics, and an understanding of the characteristics of different metrics, has long been recognized. Fourteen U.S.

Antimicrobials in Animal Agriculture in the United States: A Multidisciplinary Overview of Regulation and Utilization to Foster Collaboration: On Behalf Of the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists.

Given the complexity of antimicrobial resistance and the dire implications of misusing antimicrobials, it is imperative to identify accurate and meaningful ways to understand and communicate the realities, challenges, and opportunities associated with antimicrobial utilization and measurement in all sectors, including in animal agriculture. The objectives of this article are to () describe how antimicrobials are regulated and used in US animal agriculture and () highlight realities, challenges, and opportunities to foster multidisciplinary understanding of the common goal of responsible antimicrobial use. Recognition of the realities of medicine, practice, and policy in the agricultural setting is critical to identify realistic opportunities for improvement and collaboration.

Improving farm-level antimicrobial stewardship benchmarks by reporting antimicrobial use within the context of both the magnitude of disease pressure and the outcome of therapy.

This manuscript explores a method of benchmarking antimicrobial use within the context of farm level therapeutic incidence (a proxy for disease incidence), and the outcome of that therapy. This is reported both within the same farm over time (2016-2019), as well as evaluated across participating farms. Reporting antimicrobial use in this format addresses multiple primary questions necessary for evaluating on farm antimicrobial stewardship: How much disease is recorded? How much antimicrobial use is recorded? How often are antimicrobials included in therapy for each disease? What is the outcome of therapy? The three primary metrics reported are: therapeutic events per 100 cow years (TE/100CY), antimicrobial regimens per 100 cow years (REG/100CY), and the percent therapeutic success (% Success).

Refining the definition of the avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) pathotype through inclusion of high-risk clonal groups.

Colibacillosis in poultry is a unique disease manifestation of Escherichia coli in the animal world, as one of the primary routes of entry is via the respiratory tract of birds. Because of this, a novel extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) subpathotype coined avian pathogenic E.

Longitudinal Changes in and the Litter Microbiome throughout the Broiler Production Cycle.

Broiler chickens are an important source of Campylobacter to humans and become colonized on the farm, but the role of the litter in the ecology of Campylobacter is still not clear. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between Campylobacter and the changes in the litter microbiome throughout the broiler production cycle. Twenty-six commercial broiler flocks representing two production types (small and big broilers) were followed from 1 to 2 weeks after placement to the end of the production cycle.

Occurrence and potential transmission of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing extraintestinal pathogenic and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in domestic dog faeces from Minnesota.

Interactions between humans and pets are increasingly valued in western countries, leading to more extensive contact between humans and their pets within households. Although the magnitude of the risk of transfer of Escherichia coli between humans and their companion animals is undefined, that such transmission occurs has been established and warrants attention. This study examined 186 fresh faecal samples from companion dogs visiting 22 municipal dog parks in the Minneapolis/Saint Paul metropolitan area, Minnesota, USA.

Assessment of Diversity of Antimicrobial Resistance Phenotypes and Genotypes of Isolates From Bovine Nasopharyngeal Swabs.

The threat of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) for cattle operations is exacerbated by increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in , a leading cause of BRD. Characterization of AMR in by culture and susceptibility testing is complicated by uncertainty regarding the number of colonies that must be selected to accurately characterize AMR phenotypes (antibiograms) and genotypes in a culture. The study objective was to assess phenotypic and genotypic diversity of isolates on nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) from 28 cattle at risk for BRD or with BRD.

Identifying the spatiotemporal vulnerability of soils to antimicrobial contamination through land application of animal manure in Minnesota, United States.

Antimicrobials may reach the soil environment from a variety of sources and pathways, including land application of human biosolids and animal manure. Once in soil, antimicrobials can affect the abundance and activity of soil microorganisms and exert selection pressures that enhance the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). To mitigate the spread of AMR it is important to understand the spatial and temporal interactions between antimicrobials and soil.

Quantifying and predicting antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance genes in waterbodies through a holistic approach: a study in Minnesota, United States.

The environment plays a key role in the spread and persistence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG) are released into the environment from sources such as wastewater treatment plants, and animal farms. This study describes an approach guided by spatial mapping to quantify and predict antimicrobials and ARG in Minnesota's waterbodies in water and sediment at two spatial scales: macro, throughout the state, and micro, in specific waterbodies.

Antimicrobial resistance in wildlife and in the built environment in a wildlife rehabilitation center.

Injured and orphaned wildlife are often brought to Wildlife Rehabilitation Centers (WRC) to be cared for by professionals to ultimately be released back to their natural habitats. In these centers, animals may spend months and frequently receive prolonged antibiotic therapy. Therefore, WRC may play a role in the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR).

Association of Broiler Litter Microbiome Composition and Isolation.

Infection with species is one of the leading causes of bacterial diarrhea in humans in the US. Chickens, which become colonized on the farm, are important reservoirs of this bacterium. can establish itself in the broiler house via a variety of sources, can survive in the litter of the house, and possibly persist over successive flock cycles.