Prolonged Cardiopulmonary Bypass Time-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction via Glypican-1 Shedding, Inflammation, and Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery.

Objectives: A prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time of over 180 min is linked to poorer outcomes and higher mortality in cardiac surgery. This study examines how glypican-1 shedding, matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), and the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β may contribute to endothelial dysfunction in patients undergoing on-pump surgery with an extended CPB.

Methods: Fifty-one patients undergoing cardiac surgical procedures were divided into two groups based on the intraoperative CPB duration: (i) normal CPB (<180 min, = 23) and (ii) prolonged CPB (>180 min, = 28).