Menstrual cycle-related variations in postoperative analgesia with the preemptive use of N-methyl D-aspartate antagonist ketamine: a pilot study.

Several studies have supported that N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist can reduce the perception of postoperative pain. Hormonal fluctuations throughout the human menstrual cycle can influence pain pathways. In this pilot study, we evaluated postoperative pain in 22 female participants between the ages of 20 and 56 years undergoing laparoscopic abdominal procedures.