Objectives: Patients with metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG)-avid relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma after initial therapy may exhibit transient responses to salvage treatment with iodine-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine ( I-MIBG). It is unclear whether disease progression following I-MIBG treatment occurs in previously involved versus new anatomic sites of disease. Understanding this pattern of relapse will inform the use of consolidation therapy following I-MIBG administration.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scan is one of the most sensitive noninvasive lesion detection modalities for neuroblastoma. Unlike I-MIBG, I-MIBG allows high-resolution PET. We evaluated I-MIBG PET/CT for its diagnostic performance as directly compared with paired I-MIBG scans.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: Radiation dose calculated on tumors for radiopharmaceutical therapy varies significantly from tumor to tumor and from patient to patient. Accurate estimation of radiation dose requires multiple time point measurements using radionuclide imaging modalities such as SPECT or PET. In this report, we show our technical development of reducing the number of scans needed for reasonable estimation of tumor and normal organ dose in our pretherapy imaging and dosimetry platform of I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for I-MIBG therapy of neuroblastoma.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose To develop and validate a deep learning algorithm that predicts the final diagnosis of Alzheimer disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment, or neither at fluorine 18 (F) fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET of the brain and compare its performance to that of radiologic readers. Materials and Methods Prospective F-FDG PET brain images from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) (2109 imaging studies from 2005 to 2017, 1002 patients) and retrospective independent test set (40 imaging studies from 2006 to 2016, 40 patients) were collected. Final clinical diagnosis at follow-up was recorded.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: The New Approaches to Neuroblastoma Therapy Response Criteria (NANTRC) were developed to optimize response assessment in patients with recurrent/refractory neuroblastoma. Response predictors and associations of the NANTRC version 1.0 (NANTRCv1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: Newer high-performance time-of-flight (TOF) positron emission tomography (PET) systems have the capability to preserve diagnostic image quality with low count density, while maintaining a high raw photon detection sensitivity that would allow for a reduction in injected dose or rapid data acquisition. To assess this, we performed quantitative and visual assessments of the PET images acquired using a highly sensitive (23.3 cps/kBq) large field of view (25-cm axial) silicon photomultiplier (SiPM)-based TOF PET (400-ps timing resolution) integrated with 3 T-MRI in comparison to PET images acquired on non-TOF PET/x-ray computed tomography (CT) systems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRecent technical advances in positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) technology allow much improved time-of-flight (TOF) and regularized iterative PET reconstruction regularized iterative reconstruction (RIR) algorithms. We evaluated the effect of TOF and RIR on standardized uptake values (maximum and peak SUV [SUV and SUV]) and their metabolic tumor volume dependencies and visual image quality for F-fluorocholine PET/MRI in patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer. Fourteen patients were administered with 3 MBq/kg of F-fluorocholine and scanned dynamically for 30 minutes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Evolving immune-mediated therapeutic strategies for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may benefit from an improved understanding of the complex role that T-cell activation plays in RA. This study assessed the potential of fluorine-18-labeled 9-β-d-arabinofuranosylguanine ([F]F-AraG) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging to report immune activation in vivo in an adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) small animal model.
Methods: Using positron emission tomography-computed tomography imaging, uptake of [F]F-AraG in the paws of mice affected by arthritis at 6 (acute) and 20 (chronic) days following AIA induction in a single paw was assessed and compared to uptake in contralateral control paws.
The purpose of this article is to provide a focused overview of the current use of positron emission tomography (PET) molecular imaging in the burgeoning era of personalized medicine in the treatment of patients with glioma. Specifically, we demonstrate the utility of PET imaging as a tool for personalized diagnosis and therapy by highlighting a case series of four patients with recurrent high grade glioma who underwent 18F-fluoromisonidazole (FMISO) PET/MR (magnetic resonance) imaging through the course of antiangiogenic therapy. Three distinct features were observed from this small cohort of patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: The objective of this study was to determine if clinical dynamic PET/CT imaging with C-L-methyl-methionine (C-MET) in healthy older women can provide an estimate of tissue-level post-absorptive and post-prandial skeletal muscle protein synthesis that is consistent with the more traditional method of calculating fractional synthesis rate (FSR) of muscle protein synthesis from skeletal muscle biopsies obtained during an infusion of L-[ring C] phenylalanine (C-Phe).
Methods: Healthy older women (73 ± 5 years) completed both dynamic PET/CT imaging with C-MET and a stable isotope infusion of C-Phe with biopsies to measure the skeletal muscle protein synthetic response to 25 g of a whey protein supplement. Graphical estimation of the Patlak coefficient K from analysis of the dynamic PET/CT images was employed as a measure of incorporation of 11 C-MET in the mid-thigh muscle bundle.
Background: This prospective pilot single-institution study was undertaken to document the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of radioembolization of liver-dominant metastatic gastrointestinal cancer using Y glass microspheres.
Methods: Between June 2010 and October 2013, 42 adult patients (26 men, 16 women; median age 60 years) with metastatic chemotherapy-refractory unresectable colorectal (n=21), neuroendocrine (n=11), intrahepatic bile duct (n=7), pancreas (n=2), and esophageal (n=1) carcinomas underwent 60 lobar or segmental administrations of Y glass microspheres. Data regarding clinical and laboratory adverse events (AE) were collected prospectively for up to 5.
SEE DREIER DOI 101093/AWW112 FOR A SCIENTIFIC COMMENTARY ON THIS ARTICLE: For many decades a breakdown of the blood-brain barrier has been postulated to occur in migraine. Hypothetically this would facilitate access of medications, such as dihydroergotamine or triptans, to the brain despite physical properties otherwise restricting their entry. We studied the permeability of the blood-brain barrier in six migraineurs and six control subjects at rest and during acute glyceryl trinitrate-induced migraine attacks using positron emission tomography with the novel radioligand (11)C-dihydroergotamine, which is chemically identical to pharmacologically active dihydroergotamine.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective The objective of this report is to compare computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) myelography with radioisotope cisternography (RC) for detection of spinal cerebrospinal (CSF) leaks. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 12 spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) patients; CT and RC were performed simultaneously. Three patients had MR myelography.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: (131) I-metaiodobenzylguanidine ((131) I-MIBG) is a targeted radiopharmaceutical for patients with neuroblastoma. Despite its tumor-specific uptake, the treatment with (131) I-MIBG results in whole-body radiation exposure. Our aim was to correlate whole-body radiation dose (WBD) from (131) I-MIBG with tumor response, toxicities, and other clinical factors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe present our initial experience in using single modality fluoromisonidazole (FMISO) PET/MR imaging to noninvasively evaluate the biological effects induced by bevacizumab therapy in a patient treated for recurrent high grade glioma. In this index patient, bevacizumab therapy resulted in the development of nonenhancing tumor characterized by reduced diffusion and markedly decreased FMISO uptake in the setting of maintained CBF and CBV. These observations suggest that the dynamic biological interplay between tissue hypoxia and vascular normalization occurring within treated recurrent high grade glioma can be captured utilizing FMISO PET/MR imaging.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: To serially monitor bone remodeling in the swine femur after magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation with MR imaging, computed tomography (CT), sodium fluorine 18 (Na(18)F)-positron emission tomography (PET), and histopathologic examination, as a function of sonication energy.
Materials And Methods: Experimental procedures received approval from the local institutional animal care and use committee. MR imaging-guided HIFU was used to create distal and proximal ablations in the right femurs of eight pigs.
Mol Imaging Biol
April 2015
Purpose: Iodine-131-m-iodobenzylguanidine ([(131)I]mIBG)-targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) is a standard treatment for recurrent or refractory neuroblastoma with response rates of 30-40 %. The aim of this study is to demonstrate patient-specific dosimetry using quantitative [(124)I]mIBG positron emission tomography/X-ray computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging with a GEometry ANd Tracking 4 (Geant4)-based Monte Carlo method for better treatment planning.
Procedures: A Monte Carlo dosimetry method was developed using the Geant4 toolkit with voxelized anatomical geometry and source distribution as input.
Purpose/objectives: Despite recent improvements in outcomes, 40% of children with high-risk neuroblastoma will experience relapse, facing a guarded prognosis for long-term cure. Whether recurrences are at new sites or sites of original disease may guide decision making during initial therapy.
Methods And Materials: Eligible patients were retrospectively identified from institutional databases at first metastatic relapse of high-risk neuroblastoma.
Purpose: This prospective pilot single-institution study was undertaken to document the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of treatment of liver-dominant metastatic gastrointestinal cancer using (90)Y glass microspheres.
Methods: Between June 2010 and November 2012, 30 adult patients (22 men, eight women; median age 61 years) with metastatic chemotherapy-refractory unresectable colorectal (n = 15), neuroendocrine (n = 9), intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (n = 3), pancreas (n = 2), and esophageal (n = 1) carcinomas underwent 45 lobar or segmental administrations of (90)Y glass microspheres. Data regarding clinical and laboratory adverse events (AE) were collected prospectively for 6 months after each treatment.
Purpose: To assess the relationship between parameters measured on dynamic contrast material-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) in primary invasive breast cancer.
Materials And Methods: This HIPAA-compliant study was a retrospective review of medical records and therefore approved by the institutional review board without the requirement for informed consent. Patients with a diagnosis of invasive breast cancer from January 2005 through December 2009 who underwent both DCE MR imaging and FDG PET/CT before treatment initiation were retrospectively identified.
Background: Iodine-131-metaiodobenzylguanidine ((131)I-MIBG) provides targeted radiotherapy for children with neuroblastoma. The aim of our study was to evaluate systematically the acute effects of (131)I-MIBG on blood pressure in patients with neuroblastoma and to identify possible predictors of hypertension.
Procedure: We conducted a retrospective chart review of neuroblastoma patients who were treated with (131)I-MIBG between January 1, 1999 and June 1, 2012 at the University of California, San Francisco.
Am J Nucl Med Mol Imaging
January 2012
(111)In-capromab pendetide is an imaging probe for noninvasive detection of prostate cancer dissemination, and can be difficult to interpret because of low photon statistics resulting in noisy images with limited anatomical precision. We examined if a 16-slice multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) combined with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) could increase the impact on the clinical management and improve confidence in SPECT image interpretations in comparison to a relatively low-mA (limited resolution) CT. 17 scans were reviewed from a SPECT combined with low-mA CT scanner; 21 scans were reviewed from a SPECT combined with 16-slice MDCT scanner.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: To evaluate the role of positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) in the differentiation of normal thymus from mediastinal lymphoma and lymphoma recurrence in pediatric patients.
Materials And Methods: The study was approved by the institutional review board, and informed consent was waived. The study was HIPAA compliant.
Objective: To retrospectively evaluate the rate of malignancy of focal fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG)-avid lesions without computed tomography (CT) correlate at whole-body positron emission tomography (PET)-CT in oncology patients, because better defining these abnormalities could potentially lead to improved patient management algorithms that rely on PET-CT for detection, staging, and treatment monitoring of malignancies.
Methods: We performed a computer search of all PET-CT studies performed at our institution from 2006 to 2009, and identified 87 studies with findings of focal 18F-FDG-avid lesions without correlate at CT. The rate of malignancy of such lesions was determined by reviewing findings at follow-up imaging or by clinical or histopathological follow-up.