Hypersensitive intercellular responses of endometrial stromal cells drive invasion in Endometriosis.

Endometriosis is a debilitating disease affecting 190 million women worldwide and the greatest single contributor to infertility. The most broadly accepted etiology is that uterine endometrial cells retrogradely enter the peritoneum during menses, implant and form invasive lesions in a process analogous to cancer metastasis. However, over 90% of women suffer retrograde menstruation, but only 10% develop endometriosis, and debate continues as to whether the underlying defect is endometrial or peritoneal.

Perinatal outcomes of women with recurrent pregnancy loss undergoing frozen embryo transfer from the Society of Assisted Reproductive Technology database.

Objective: To assess whether infants born to women with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) have an increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes after frozen embryo transfer (FET) compared with women without a history of infertility or RPL.

Design: Retrospective cohort study utilizing the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinic Outcomes Reporting System database between 2014 and 2020.

Setting: Not applicable.

A seed or soil problem in early endometriosis: stromal cell origin drives cellular invasion and coupling over mesothelial cell origin.

Objective: To study the role of the mesothelial cells in early endometriosis lesion formation by assessing in vitro cell-to-cell communication and invasion of endometrial cells across a mesothelial cell monolayer, with both cell types derived from both patients with endometriosis and control patients.

Design: Laboratory-based experimental study.

Setting: University hospital and laboratory.

Standardized Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Consultation for Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology Patients.

To investigate the role of formal reproductive endocrinology and infertility (REI) consultation in fertility preservation counseling in a pediatric/adolescent oncology patient population. Retrospective chart review was performed at an academic adult hospital from 2021 to 2022. Pre- and postpubertal patients admitted to the pediatric/adolescent oncology service with cancer diagnoses and imminent gonadotoxic chemotherapy plans were included.

Impact of updated international diagnostic criteria for the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome.

Objective: To study whether application of the new 2018 guidelines for the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) would decrease the diagnosis of PCOS. Second, to compare the metabolic profiles of women included and excluded in this new definition.

Design: Retrospective cross-sectional chart review.

Apoptotic qPCR gene expression array analysis demonstrates proof-of-concept for rapid blastocoel fluid-conditioned media molecular prediction.

Purpose: Successful identification of transcriptomic biomarkers within human IVF embryos may enhance implantation prediction and provide insights not available through conventional embryo biopsy genomic analysis. We demonstrate proof-of-concept for a methodology to assess overall embryo gene expression using qPCR with blastocoel fluid-conditioned media by examining the comparative presence of apoptotic genes.

Methods: Blastocoel fluid-conditioned media were collected from 19 embryos (11 euploid) following trophectoderm biopsy of day-5 ICSI-IVF blastocysts.

Common practices among consistently high-performing in vitro fertilization programs in the United States: 10-year update.

Objective: To evaluate similarities and differences in clinical and laboratory practices among high-performing fertility clinics.

Design: Cross-sectional questionnaire study of selected programs.

Setting: Academic and private fertility practices performing in vitro fertilization (IVF).

Effectiveness of Platelet-Rich Plasma in the Prevention of Chlamydia-Induced Hydrosalpinx in a Murine Model.

Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) is a major pathogen implicated in the formation of hydrosalpinx in the female reproductive tract. In mice, a related strain of Chlamydia, Chlamydia trachomatis (C.

Endometrial thickness after ovarian stimulation with gonadotropin, clomiphene, or letrozole for unexplained infertility, and association with treatment outcomes.

Objective: To study the association of endometrial thickness (EMT) with live birth rates (LBR) in ovarian stimulation with intrauterine insemination (OS-IUI) treatments for unexplained infertility.

Design: Prospective cohort analysis of the Reproductive Medicine Network's Assessment of Multiple Intrauterine Gestations from Ovarian Stimulation (AMIGOS) randomized controlled trial.

Setting: Multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Intrauterine insemination performance characteristics and post-processing total motile sperm count in relation to live birth for couples with unexplained infertility in a randomised, multicentre clinical trial.

Study Question: Are intrauterine insemination (IUI) performance characteristics and post-processing total motile sperm count (TMC) related to live birth rate in couples with unexplained infertility?

Summary Answer: Patient discomfort with IUI and lower inseminate TMC were associated with a reduced live birth rate, while time from hCG injection to IUI, sperm preparation method and ultrasound guidance for IUI were not associated with live birth success.

What Is Already Known: We previously determined that some baseline characteristics of couples with unexplained infertility, including female age, duration of infertility, history of prior loss and income, were related to live birth rate across a course of ovarian stimulation and IUI treatment. However, the relationship between treatment outcomes and per-cycle characteristics, including ultrasound guidance for IUI, timing of IUI relative to hCG injection, difficult or painful IUI and inseminate TMC, are controversial, and most prior investigations have not evaluated live birth outcome.

Pregnancy registry: three-year follow-up of children conceived from letrozole, clomiphene, or gonadotropins.

Objective: To study the development of children conceived from non-IVF infertility treatments consisting of gonadotropins, clomiphene, or letrozole.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: U.

Androgenicity and fertility treatment in women with unexplained infertility.

Objective: To determine whether biochemical or clinical markers of androgenic activity predict live birth rate with ovarian stimulation in the unexplained infertility population.

Design: Secondary analysis of the Assessment of Multiple Intrauterine Gestations from Ovarian Stimulation (AMIGOS) clinical trial.

Setting: Multicenter university-based clinical practices.

Does assisted hatching affect live birth in fresh, first cycle in vitro fertilization in good and poor prognosis patients?

Purpose: To assess the effect of assisted hatching (AH) on live birth rate (LBR) in first cycle, fresh in vitro fertilization (IVF) in good and poor prognosis patients.

Methods: Retrospective cohort using cycles reported to the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinic Outcomes Reporting System. Live birth rate was compared in women who underwent first cycle, autologous, fresh IVF cycles with (n = 48,858) and without (n = 103,413) AH from 2007 to 2015.

Associations Between Anti-Mullerian Hormone and Cardiometabolic Health in Reproductive Age Women Are Explained by Body Mass Index.

Context: The relationship between reproductive and cardiometabolic aging is unclear. It is unknown if the relationship differs across different clinical populations.

Objective: To determine whether markers of ovarian reserve are associated with cardiometabolic risk in reproductive aged women with unexplained infertility (UI), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and regularly cycling women (OVA).

Lower prevalence of non-cavity-distorting uterine fibroids in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome than in those with unexplained infertility.

Objective: To study whether there is a difference in the prevalence of non-cavity-distorting uterine fibroids between infertile patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and those with unexplained infertility (UI).

Design: A secondary analysis of data from three randomized clinical trials.

Setting: Academic health centers.

Fertility Related Quality of Life, Gonadal Function and Erectile Dysfunction in Male Partners of Couples with Unexplained Infertility.

Purpose: We sought to determine whether lower fertility related quality of life or depression in men of couples with unexplained infertility is associated with low total testosterone levels, abnormal semen quality or erectile dysfunction.

Materials And Methods: This study is a secondary analysis of a large, multicenter, randomized controlled trial in couples with unexplained infertility. Male partners underwent baseline semen analysis with measurement of fasting total testosterone and gonadotropin.

Allostatic load, a measure of chronic physiological stress, is associated with pregnancy outcomes, but not fertility, among women with unexplained infertility.

Study Question: Among infertile women undergoing ovarian stimulation, is allostatic load (AL), a measure of chronic physiological stress, associated with subsequent fertility and pregnancy outcomes?

Summary Answer: AL at baseline was not associated with conception, spontaneous abortion or live birth, however, it was significantly associated with increased odds of pre-eclampsia and preterm birth among women who had a live birth in the study.

What Is Known Already: Several studies have linked AL during pregnancy to adverse outcomes including preterm birth and pre-eclampsia, hypothesizing that it may contribute to well-documented disparities in pregnancy and birth outcomes. However, AL biomarkers change over the course of pregnancy, raising questions as to whether gestational AL assessment is a valid measure of cumulative physiologic stress starting long before pregnancy.

Midluteal Progesterone: A Marker of Treatment Outcomes in Couples With Unexplained Infertility.

Context: Adequate luteal phase progesterone exposure is necessary to induce endometrial changes required for a successful pregnancy outcome. The relationship between low midluteal progesterone concentration and the outcome of live birth in ovarian stimulation with intrauterine insemination (OS-IUI) treatments is not defined.

Objective: To determine the level of midluteal progesterone portending a low chance of live birth after OS-IUI in couples with unexplained infertility.

Preconceptional antithyroid peroxidase antibodies, but not thyroid-stimulating hormone, are associated with decreased live birth rates in infertile women.

Objective: To study whether preconceptual thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and antithyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies are associated with poor reproductive outcomes in infertile women.

Design: Secondary analysis of data from two multicenter, randomized, controlled trials conducted by the Reproductive Medicine Network of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association between preconceptual TSH levels and anti-TPO antibodies.

Assisted hatching and live births in first-cycle frozen embryo transfers.

Objective: To assess the effect of assisted hatching (AH) on live-birth rates in a retrospective cohort of patients undergoing first-cycle, autologous frozen embryo transfer (FET).

Design: Longitudinal cohort using cycles reported to the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinic Outcomes Reporting System between 2004 and 2013.

Setting: Not applicable.

Sexual function in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome and unexplained infertility.

Background: While female sexual dysfunction is a frequent occurrence, characteristics in infertile women are not well delineated. Furthermore, the impact of infertility etiology on the characteristics in women with differing androgen levels observed in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and unexplained infertility has not been assessed.

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the characteristics of sexual dysfunction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and unexplained infertility.

Association of uterine fibroids and pregnancy outcomes after ovarian stimulation-intrauterine insemination for unexplained infertility.

Objective: To investigate the association of non-cavity-distorting uterine fibroids and pregnancy outcomes after ovarian stimulation-intrauterine insemination (OS-IUI) in couples with unexplained infertility.

Design: Secondary analysis from a prospective, randomized, multicenter clinical trial investigating fertility outcomes after OS-IUI.

Setting: Reproductive Medicine Network clinical sites.