The LTAR Grazing Land Common Experiment at Northern Plains.

The USDA Long-Term Agroecosystem Research (LTAR) network aims to enhance sustainable agricultural management practices through a coordinated, cross-site common experiment involving 18 locations across the United States. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the LTAR Grazing Land Common Experiment at the Northern Plains (NP) site, where an experiment was initiated in 2019 to answer producers' and researchers' questions about whether the tactical application of fire or grazing can reduce the dominance of invasive Kentucky bluegrass in northern Great Plains ecosystems. As part of the LTAR common experiment, we contrast a prevailing practice (season-long grazing at moderate stocking rate) with four alternative practices at a half-hectare plot scale: (1) mob grazing by cattle, (2) multi-species grazing (mob grazing by cattle, with goats foraging at key times of the year), (3) prescribed fire, and (4) prescribed fire followed by cattle grazing.

On-farm harvest timing effects on alfalfa weevil across the Intermountain West region of the United States.

Alfalfa ( L.) is an economically important commodity in the Intermountain Western United States. A major concern for alfalfa producers in this region is the alfalfa weevil ( Gyllenhal).

Evaluating the use of common grasses by the wheat stem sawfly (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) and its native parasitoids in rangeland and Conservation Reserve Program grasslands.

The wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), is a major pest of wheat (Triticum aestivum L., Poales: Poaceae) across the northern Great Plains of North America. Cephus cinctus has a wide host range, attacking numerous wild grasses and cultivated cereals in crop and grassland habitats, where it is, in turn, attacked by 2 native braconid parasitoids.

Annotation of Secretariat and Hydrus, two DJ cluster phages isolated on .

Secretariat and Hydrus are phages grouped into the DJ cluster that were isolated on NRRL B-16540. The phages have 75% nucleotide identity and share 73% gene content. Secretariat has a genome with 84 predicted genes, while Hydrus has 91 predicted genes and can also infect 3612.

Isolation and Annotation of Azira, a CT Cluster Phage That Infects Gordonia rubripertincta.

Azira is a CT cluster actinobacteriophage that infects Gordonia rubripertincta NRRL B-16540. The genome contains 67 predicted protein coding genes, of which 31 have a putative function. Azira has a lysis cassette encoding two endolysins and three transmembrane proteins.

Head-up tilt does not enhance prostate tumor perfusion or oxygenation in young rats.

Solid tumors contain hypoxic regions that contribute to anticancer therapy resistance. Thus, mitigating tumor hypoxia may enhance the efficacy of radiation therapy which is commonly utilized for patients with prostate cancer. Increasing perfusion pressure in the prostate with head-up tilt (HUT) may augment prostate tumor perfusion and decrease hypoxia.

Landscape Composition and Management History Affect Alfalfa Weevil but not its Parasitoid.

It is widely recognized that both local and landscape-scale factors can be important drivers of crop pests, natural enemies, and biocontrol services. However, recent syntheses have found that landscape effects are inconsistent across study systems, highlighting the need for system-specific research to guide management decisions. In particular, studies conducted in perennial crops and that examine landscape configuration, not just composition, are especially lacking.

Variation in reproductive mode across the latitudinal range of invasive Russian knapweed.

For invading species, reproduction is a critical determinant of population establishment as well as spread into new areas. When species have multiple modes of reproduction, the prevalence of different modes can influence management decisions. We used genetic markers to determine the prevalent method of recruitment for invasive Russian knapweed ().

Integration of tumor extrinsic and intrinsic features associates with immunotherapy response in non-small cell lung cancer.

The efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) varies greatly among metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Loss of heterozygosity at the HLA-I locus (HLA-LOH) has been identified as an important immune escape mechanism. However, despite HLA-I disruptions in their tumor, many patients have durable ICB responses.

Refining colorectal cancer classification and clinical stratification through a single-cell atlas.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) consensus molecular subtypes (CMS) have different immunological, stromal cell, and clinicopathological characteristics. Single-cell characterization of CMS subtype tumor microenvironments is required to elucidate mechanisms of tumor and stroma cell contributions to pathogenesis which may advance subtype-specific therapeutic development. We interrogate racially diverse human CRC samples and analyze multiple independent external cohorts for a total of 487,829 single cells enabling high-resolution depiction of the cellular diversity and heterogeneity within the tumor and microenvironmental cells.

Prediction of Radial Head Subluxation and Dislocation in Patients with Multiple Hereditary Exostoses.

Background: Multiple hereditary exostoses (MHE) is a rare bone disease that results in growth of benign cartilage-capped tumors and a number of skeletal deformities. Forearm deformities are present in up to 60% of patients with MHE, and radial head subluxation or dislocation occurs in 20% to 30%. Radial head subluxation/dislocation results in a shortened forearm and loss of motion.

A pan-cancer organoid platform for precision medicine.

Patient-derived tumor organoids (TOs) are emerging as high-fidelity models to study cancer biology and develop novel precision medicine therapeutics. However, utilizing TOs for systems-biology-based approaches has been limited by a lack of scalable and reproducible methods to develop and profile these models. We describe a robust pan-cancer TO platform with chemically defined media optimized on cultures acquired from over 1,000 patients.

Novel Approach to Improving Knee Range of Motion in Arthrogryposis with a New Working Classification.

Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) is a rare condition defined as contrac-tures in multiple joints. Surgical interventions for severe knee flexion contractures have included posterior release, distraction and extension with external fixation and distal femoral extension osteotomies. These operations have been able to achieve knee extension, but not increase the range of motion.

Effects of Landscape Composition on Wheat Stem Sawfly (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) and Its Associated Braconid Parasitoids.

Several agroecological and integrated pest management strategies focus on landscape management to increase complexity and foster biodiversity. However, landscape complexity does not always enhance biological control and in some cases may lead to increased pest populations. We examined the prevalence of two Bracon parasitoids, Bracon cephi Gahan and Bracon lissogaster Muesebeck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), and their host the wheat stem sawfly Cephus cinctus Norton, a major pest of wheat.

CIRSE Standards of Practice on Peri-operative Anticoagulation Management During Interventional Radiology Procedures.

This CIRSE Standards of Practice document is aimed at interventional radiologists and provides best practices for peri-operative anticoagulation management during interventional radiology procedures.

CIRSE standards of practice on gynaecological and obstetric haemorrhage.

This CIRSE Standards of Practice document provides best practices for obstetric haemorrhage embolisation (OHE) in the management of postpartum haemorrhage (PPH). The document is aimed at interventional radiologists involved in treating postpartum haemorrhage, and has been developed by a writing group established by the CIRSE Standards of Practice Committee.CIRSE Standards of Practice documents are not clinical practice guidelines and do not intend to impose a standard of care, rather provide reasonable approaches to and best practices for specific interventional radiology treatments and techniques.

Anatomic Relationship of the Femoral Neurovascular Bundle in Patients With Congenital Femoral Deficiency.

Background: Congenital femoral deficiency (CFD) is a rare condition that affects the morphology of the hip and surrounding soft tissues. Bony deformity and distorted muscular anatomy are well known, but no studies have described the relationship of the femoral neurovascular (NV) bundle to surgically relevant anatomic landmarks. The authors compared the location of the femoral NV bundle on the affected side in patients with CFD with the unaffected side.

Aphid Honeydew Enhances Parasitoid Longevity to the Same Extent as a High-Quality Floral Resource: Implications for Conservation Biological Control of the Wheat Stem Sawfly (Hymenoptera: Cephidae).

Providing sugar resources for parasitoids is an important component of habitat management approaches to bolster biological control. We screened three flowering cover crop species, and one aphid species, for their potential to increase the longevity of the parasitoid wasp, Bracon cephi (Gahan) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), an important biological control agent of the wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae). We found that buckwheat and honeydew from the cereal aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), increased longevity of B.

Post-dispersal factors influence recruitment patterns but do not override the importance of seed limitation in populations of a native thistle.

Whether plant populations are limited by seed or microsite availability is a long-standing debate. However, since both can be important, increasing emphasis is placed on disentangling their relative importance and how they vary through space and time. Although uncommon, seed addition studies that include multiple levels of seed augmentation, and follow plants through to the adult stage, are critical to achieving this goal.

Modeling the combined impacts of host plant resistance and biological control on the population dynamics of a major pest of wheat.

Background: Single-tool approaches often fail to provide effective long-term suppression of pest populations, such that combining several tools into an integrated management strategy is critical. Yet studies that harness the power of population models to explore the relative efficacy of various management tools and their combinations remain rare. We constructed a Leslie matrix population model to evaluate the potential of crop resistance, acting alone or in combination with biological control, to reduce populations of the wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton, a major pest of wheat in North America.

Auditory and Visual External Cues Have Different Effects on Spatial but Similar Effects on Temporal Measures of Gait Variability.

Walking synchronized to external cues is a common practice in clinical settings. Several research studies showed that this popular gait rehabilitation tool alters gait variability. There is also recent evidence which suggests that alterations in the temporal structure of the external cues could restore gait variability at healthy levels.

Decoupled recovery of ecological communities after reclamation.

Grassland restoration is largely focused on creating plant communities that match reference conditions. However, these communities reflect only a subset of the biodiversity of grassland systems. We conducted a multi-trophic study to assess ecosystem recovery following energy development for oil and gas extraction in northern US Great Plains rangelands.

Oilfield Reclamation Recovers Productivity but not Composition of Arthropod Herbivores and Predators.

Arthropods are key components of grassland ecosystems. Though arthropod communities are often strongly influenced by plant communities, plants and arthropods may respond differently to disturbance. Studying plant responses alone may, therefore, not fully capture altered ecosystem dynamics; thus multi-trophic approaches are critical to fully understand ecosystem responses to disturbance.

Do Floral Resources Benefit the Herbivorous Sawfly, Cephus cinctus (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), a Major Pest of Wheat in North America?

Leveraging floral resources to promote biological control requires carefully screening prospective floral species for their suitability not just for natural enemies, but also for targeted pests. Here we examined the influence of access to various sugar resources on Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), a major pest of wheat in the northern Great Plains of North America. We conducted greenhouse studies to examine the effect of access to a honey-sucrose solution, three flowering plant species, and aphid honeydew, on the longevity and potential fecundity of C.