Cardiac adaptations in young triathletes: a 9-month longitudinal study during the peak height velocity period.

Purpose: The present study examined the influence of endurance training on the morphological and functional heart adaptations in young athletes throughout a longitudinal 9-month follow-up period during the adolescent peak height velocity (PHV).

Methods: Thirty-six 13- to 15-year-old males (twenty-three triathletes and thirteen untrained peers) were evaluated before and after a 9-month period during PHV. Maximal oxygen uptake ( ) and power at were assessed during incremental cycling test.

Overhead and Wheelchair Sport-Related Injuries in Para Athletes: Interplay Between Disability and Sport-Specific Factors.

With the increasing opportunities for people with disabilities to engage in competitive Para sports, it becomes imperative to understand the injury consequences that may impact both sports participation and daily life activities. This narrative review aims to examine the intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors inherent in overhead and wheelchair summer Para sports, while also exploring prospective avenues for implementing prevention strategies. By understanding the injury epidemiology in this cohort of Para athletes, this review aims to explore the intricate interplay between the athletes' underlying disability with sport-specific factors, such as how wheelchair use might amplify injury susceptibility.

Neuromuscular Adaptations in Endurance-Trained Male Adolescents Versus Untrained Peers: A 9-Month Longitudinal Study.

Background: Neuromuscular function is considered as a determinant factor of endurance performance during adulthood. However, whether endurance training triggers further neuromuscular adaptations exceeding those of growth and maturation alone over the rapid adolescent growth period is yet to be determined.

Objective: The present study investigated the concurrent role of growth, maturation, and endurance training on neuromuscular function through a 9-month training period in adolescent triathletes.

Effects of a Cycling versus Running HIIT Program on Fat Mass Loss and Gut Microbiota Composition in Men with Overweight/Obesity.

Purpose: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) can efficiently decrease total and (intra-)abdominal fat mass (FM); however, the effects of running versus cycling HIIT programs on FM reduction have not been compared yet. In addition, the link between HIIT-induced FM reduction and gut microbiota must be better investigated. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two 12-wk HIIT isoenergetic programs (cycling vs running) on body composition and fecal microbiota composition in nondieting men with overweight or obesity.

Neurofeedback for obsessive compulsive disorder: A randomized, double-blind trial.

We aim to develop fMRI neurofeedback as a treatment for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). In prior work, we found that providing neurofeedback of activity in the anterior prefrontal cortex (aPFC) improved control over contamination anxiety in a subclinical population. Here, we present the results of a randomized, double-blind clinical trial (NCT02206945) testing this intervention in patients with OCD.

Cortical networks underlying successful control of nociceptive processing using real-time fMRI.

Real-time fMRI (rt-fMRI) enables self-regulation of neural activity in localized brain regions through neurofeedback. Previous studies showed successful up- and down-regulation of neural activity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the insula (Ins) during nociceptive stimulation. Such self-regulation capacity is, however, variable across subjects, possibly related to the ability of cognitive top-down control of pain.

A long-duration race induces a decrease of left ventricular strains, twisting mechanics and myocardial work in trained adolescents.

We investigated the acute cardiac consequences of a long-duration (>5 h) adventure race in adolescent athletes from evaluations of left ventricular (LV) strains and myocardial work. Twenty trained male adolescents (i.e.

Changes in Pulmonary Function After Long-duration Adventure Racing in Adolescent Athletes.

The present study investigated the acute effects of a mixed-modality, long-duration adventure race on pulmonary function in adolescent athletes. Twenty male adolescents aged 14 to 17 years volunteered to participate in a wilderness adventure race of 68.5-km.

Post-exercise heart rate recovery and parasympathetic reactivation are comparable between prepubertal boys and well-trained adult male endurance athletes.

Purpose: This study tested the hypothesis that prepubertal boys, but not untrained men, would exhibit a similar post-exercise parasympathetic reactivation as well-trained adult male endurance athletes.

Methods: Twelve prepubertal boys (12.3 ± 1.

Effect of Concurrent Training on Body Composition and Gut Microbiota in Postmenopausal Women with Overweight or Obesity.

Purpose: Menopause tends to be associated with an increased risk of obesity and abdominal fat mass (FM) and is associated with lower intestinal species diversity. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a high-intensity interval training and resistance training (HIIT + RT) program on body composition and intestinal microbiota composition in overweight or obese postmenopausal women.

Methods: Participants (n = 17) were randomized in two groups: HIIT + RT group (3× per week, 12 wk) and control group without any training.

Symptoms and impacts of ambulatory nonsense mutation Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a qualitative study and the development of a patient-centred conceptual model.

Background: Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a rare genetic neuromuscular disorder, which can result in early death due to disease progression. Ataluren is indicated for the treatment of nonsense mutation Duchenne muscular dystrophy, in ambulatory individuals aged two years and older. This study explored the symptoms and impacts of nonsense mutation Duchenne muscular dystrophy and experience with ataluren.

A qualitative study on the impact of caring for an ambulatory individual with nonsense mutation Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Background: Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a rare genetic neuromuscular disorder, which can result in early death due to disease progression. Ataluren is indicated for the treatment of nonsense mutation Duchenne muscular dystrophy, in ambulatory individuals aged two years and older. This study explored the impact of caring for an ambulatory individual with nonsense mutation Duchenne muscular dystrophy, as well as the impact of treatment with ataluren on the caregiver experience, using retrospective recall.

Phantom limb pain after unilateral arm amputation is associated with decreased heat pain thresholds in the face.

Background: The mechanisms underlying chronic phantom limb pain (PLP) are complex and insufficiently understood. Altered sensory thresholds are often associated with chronic pain but quantitative sensory testing (QST) in PLP has so far been inconclusive due to large methodological variation between studies and small sample sizes.

Methods: In this study, we applied QST in 37 unilateral upper-limb amputees (23 with and 14 without PLP) and 19 healthy controls.

Effect of morning versus evening exercise training on sleep, physical activity, fitness, fatigue and quality of life in overweight and obese adults.

This study compares the effectiveness of a 12-week moderate exercise training program (METP), performed in the morning versus the evening, on sleep, physical activity, physical fitness, sleepiness, fatigue and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in overweight and obese patients. Sedentary and inactive overweight/obese adults (n = 36) were included in METP and randomized into two groups: morning group (GM) and evening group (GE). Twenty-eight participants successfully completed METP (3 × 90 min exercise session per week for 12 weeks, completion rates >80%).

Neuromuscular Fatigue After Long-Duration Adventure Racing in Adolescent Athletes.

Purpose: To characterize the acute effects of a long-duration adventure race on knee extensor (KE) fatigue and the knee functional ratio in adolescent athletes.

Methods: Twenty trained male adolescents (aged 14-17 y) performed an adventure race of 68.5 km.

Algebraic expressions for Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill relaxation dispersion for N-site chemical exchange.

The Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) NMR relaxation dispersion experiment measures the effective relaxation rate constant during a train of spin-echo pulse sequence elements as a function of the echo time. The CPMG experiment is a powerful method for characterizing chemical and conformational dynamic processes, termed chemical and conformational exchange, on μs-ms time scales, comparable to the experimentally accessible echo times. Approximate theoretical expressions for the effective relaxation rate constant for N-site chemical exchange have been reported (H.

Acute metabolic responses after continuous or interval exercise in post-menopausal women with overweight or obesity.

This pilot study compared the effects of acute high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) and moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) on post-exercise VO , fat utilization, and 24-hours energy balance to understand the mechanism of higher fat mass reduction observed after high-intensity interval training in post-menopausal women with overweight/obesity. 12 fasted women (59.5 ± 5.

Brain-behaviour correlates of habitual motivation in chronic back pain.

Chronic pain may sap the motivation for positive events and stimuli. This may lead to a negative behavioural cycle reducing the establishment of appetitive habitual engagement. One potential mechanism for this might be biased learning.

Compact expressions for R relaxation for N-site chemical exchange using Schur decomposition.

The rotating-frame spin relaxation rate constant, R, is a powerful probe of macromolecular chemical and conformational dynamics in relaxation dispersion, CEST, and DEST NMR experiments. The R relaxation rate constant is given by the absolute value of the largest (least negative) eigenvalue of the Bloch-McConnell evolution matrix; however, estimation of this eigenvalue require inversion of 3 N × 3 N dimensional matrices, in which N is the number of interconverting sites or states for a given nuclear spin in a molecule. The Schur complement is used to reduce the problem of calculating the characteristic polynomial of a 3 N × 3 N matrix to that of calculating the characteristic polynomial of a 3 × 3 matrix.

Randomized, Sham-Controlled Trial of Real-Time Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Neurofeedback for Tics in Adolescents With Tourette Syndrome.

Background: Activity in the supplementary motor area (SMA) has been associated with tics in Tourette syndrome (TS). The aim of this study was to test a novel intervention-real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging neurofeedback from the SMA-for reduction of tics in adolescents with TS.

Methods: Twenty-one adolescents with TS were enrolled in a double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled, crossover study involving two sessions of neurofeedback from their SMA.

Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training or High-Intensity Interval Training with or without Resistance Training for Altering Body Composition in Postmenopausal Women.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare body composition changes induced by moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), high-intensity interval training (HIIT), or HIIT + resistance training (RT) programs (3 d·wk, 12 wk) in overweight/obese postmenopausal women, and to determine whether fat mass reduction is related to greater fat oxidation (FatOx).

Methods: Participants (n = 27) were randomized in three groups: MICT (40 min at 55%-60% of peak power output), HIIT (60 × 8 s at 80%-90% of peak HR, 12 s active recovery), and HIIT + RT (HIIT + 8 whole-body exercises: 1 set of 8-12 repetitions). Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was used to measure whole-body and abdominal/visceral fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass.

Volumetric brain correlates of approach-avoidance behavior and their relation to chronic back pain.

Avoiding any harm, such as painful experiences, is an important ability for our physical and mental health. This avoidance behavior might be overactive under chronic pain, and the cortical and subcortical brain volumetry, which also often changes in chronic pain states, might be a significant correlate of this behavior. In the present study, we thus investigated the association between volumetric brain differences using 3 T structural magnetic resonance imaging and pain- versus pleasure-related approach-avoidance behavior using an Approach Avoidance Task in the laboratory in chronic back pain (N = 42; mean age: 51.