Disseminated tuberculosis presenting as bilateral chylothorax: A case report.

Tuberculosis, being an airborne disease with a broad spectrum of symptoms and signs, is a rare cause of chylothorax. Mortality due to tuberculous chylothorax is 6%, and bilateral chylothorax has a higher mortality with a poor prognosis. A previously well 28-year-old male with a household contact history of tuberculosis exposure presented with a 1-month history of shortness of breath, fever, pleuritic chest pain, and constitutional symptoms.

Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer in Salicylidene-α-Hydroxy Carboxylate Derivatives: Direct Detection of the Triplet Excited State of the -Keto Tautomer.

Excited-state intramolecular hydrogen transfer on the triplet surface of salicylideneaniline derivatives has received much less attention than the corresponding ultrafast process on the singlet surface. To enhance the understanding of this triplet reactivity, the photochemical properties of a series of salicylidene-α-hydroxy acid salts with different substituents on the phenol moiety () were characterized. UV/vis absorption and phosphorescence measurements in ethanol revealed that - exist as both enol and keto tautomers, with the enol form being predominant.

Model-informed experimental design recommendations for distinguishing intrinsic and acquired targeted therapeutic resistance in head and neck cancer.

The promise of precision medicine has been limited by the pervasive resistance to many targeted therapies for cancer. Inferring the timing (i.e.

Highly efficient preconcentration using anodically generated shrinking gas bubbles for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) detection.

Here we report a highly efficient PFAS preconcentration method that uses anodically generated shrinking gas bubbles to preconcentrate PFAS via aerosol formation, achieving ~ 1400-fold enrichment of PFOS and PFOA-the two most common PFAS-in 20 min. This new method improves the enrichment factor by 15 to 105% relative to the previous method that uses cathodically generated H bubbles. The shrinking gas bubbles are in situ electrogenerated by oxidizing water in an NHHCO solution.

A Review of Wine Authentication Using Spectroscopic Approaches in Combination with Chemometrics.

In a global context where trading of wines involves considerable economic value, the requirement to guarantee wine authenticity can never be underestimated. With the ever-increasing advancements in analytical platforms, research into spectroscopic methods is thriving as they offer a powerful tool for rapid wine authentication. In particular, spectroscopic techniques have been identified as a user-friendly and economical alternative to traditional analyses involving more complex instrumentation that may not readily be deployable in an industry setting.

Spectrofluorometric analysis combined with machine learning for geographical and varietal authentication, and prediction of phenolic compound concentrations in red wine.

Fluorescence spectroscopy is rapid, straightforward, selective, and sensitive, and can provide the molecular fingerprint of a sample based on the presence of various fluorophores. In conjunction with chemometrics, fluorescence techniques have been applied to the analysis and classification of an array of products of agricultural origin. Recognising that fluorescence spectroscopy offered a promising method for wine authentication, this study investigated the unique use of an absorbance-transmission and fluorescence excitation emission matrix (A-TEEM) technique for classification of red wines with respect to variety and geographical origin.

Harnessing bubble behaviors for developing new analytical strategies.

Gas bubbles are easily accessible and offer many unique characteristic properties of a gas/liquid two-phase system for developing new analytical methods. In this minireview, we discuss the newly developed analytical strategies that harness the behaviors of bubbles. Recent advancements include the utilization of the gas/liquid interfacial activity of bubbles for detection and preconcentration of surface-active compounds; the employment of the gas phase properties of bubbles for acoustic imaging and detection, microfluidic analysis, electrochemical sensing, and emission spectroscopy; and the application of the mass transport behaviors at the gas/liquid interface in gas sensing, biosensing, and nanofluidics.

Cracking under Internal Pressure: Photodynamic Behavior of Vinyl Azide Crystals through N Release.

When exposed to UV light, single crystals of the vinyl azides 3-azido-1-phenylpropenone (), 3-azido-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)propenone (), and 3-azido-1-(4-chlorophenyl)propenone () exhibit dramatic mechanical effects by cracking or bending with the release of N. Mechanistic studies using laser flash photolysis, supported by quantum mechanical calculations, show that each of the vinyl azides degrades through a vinylnitrene intermediate. However, despite having very similar crystal packing motifs, the three compounds exhibit distinct photomechanical responses in bulk crystals.

Authentication of the geographical origin of Australian Cabernet Sauvignon wines using spectrofluorometric and multi-element analyses with multivariate statistical modelling.

With the increased risk of wine fraud, a rapid and simple method for wine authentication has become a necessity for the global wine industry. The use of fluorescence data from an absorbance and transmission excitation-emission matrix (A-TEEM) technique for discrimination of wines according to geographical origin was investigated in comparison to inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The two approaches were applied to commercial Cabernet Sauvignon wines from vintage 2015 originating from three wine regions of Australia, along with Bordeaux, France.

ChairX: A Robotic Exoskeleton Chair for Industrial Workers.

This paper proposes a robotic exoskeleton chair, named ChairX, for providing sitting assistance for the industrial workers who need to carry out tasks at different crouched postures repetitively. It can act as a customizable chair to support bodyweight for relieving the lower extremity and provide freedom for ambulation when moving between workstations. In comparison to the predecessors, the ChairX is designed to assist the user for assuming crouched positions with forward- as well as backward-inclined leg angles.

Bubble-Nucleation-Based Method for the Selective and Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of Surfactants.

We present the first bubble-nucleation-based electrochemical method for the selective and sensitive detection of surfactants. Our method takes advantage of the high surface activity of surfactant analyte to affect the electrochemical bubble nucleation and then transduces the change in nucleation condition to electrochemical signal for determining the surfactant concentration. Using this method, we demonstrate the quantitation of perfluorinated surfactants in water, a group of emerging environmental contaminants, with a remarkable limit of detection (LOD) down to 30 μg/L and a linear dynamic range of over 3 orders of magnitude.

CancerInSilico: An R/Bioconductor package for combining mathematical and statistical modeling to simulate time course bulk and single cell gene expression data in cancer.

Bioinformatics techniques to analyze time course bulk and single cell omics data are advancing. The absence of a known ground truth of the dynamics of molecular changes challenges benchmarking their performance on real data. Realistic simulated time-course datasets are essential to assess the performance of time course bioinformatics algorithms.

Highly efficient hydrogen evolution of platinum via tuning the interfacial dissolved-gas concentration.

A facile perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS)-modulation strategy was developed to precisely control the dissolved-gas concentration at the electrode/gas/electrolyte interface for enhanced HER. With PFOS modulation, lowered dissolved-hydrogen concentrations at the catalytic interface and sufficient exposure of the surface active area can be achieved. Accordingly, relative to pure Pt, PFOS-modulated Pt possesses a remarkable HER performance.

Transradial prostheses: Trends in development of hardware and control systems.

Background: Prosthesis is a wearable device that intends to provide the functionality and/or appearance of a missing body part. In the case of trans-radial prostheses, the wearer or the trans-radial amputee is fitted with an artificial wrist and a hand that is either mechanically or electro-mechanically operated. Main aim is to enable the wearer to perform activities of daily living with minimal external assistance.

Integrated time course omics analysis distinguishes immediate therapeutic response from acquired resistance.

Background: Targeted therapies specifically act by blocking the activity of proteins that are encoded by genes critical for tumorigenesis. However, most cancers acquire resistance and long-term disease remission is rarely observed. Understanding the time course of molecular changes responsible for the development of acquired resistance could enable optimization of patients' treatment options.

SMAD4 Loss Is Associated with Cetuximab Resistance and Induction of MAPK/JNK Activation in Head and Neck Cancer Cells.

We previously demonstrated an association between decreased expression and cetuximab resistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The purpose of this study was to further elucidate the clinical relevance of SMAD4 loss in HNSCC. SMAD4 expression was assessed by IHC in 130 newly diagnosed and 43 patients with recurrent HNSCC.

CoGAPS matrix factorization algorithm identifies transcriptional changes in AP-2alpha target genes in feedback from therapeutic inhibition of the EGFR network.

Patients with oncogene driven tumors are treated with targeted therapeutics including EGFR inhibitors. Genomic data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) demonstrates molecular alterations to EGFR, MAPK, and PI3K pathways in previously untreated tumors. Therefore, this study uses bioinformatics algorithms to delineate interactions resulting from EGFR inhibitor use in cancer cells with these genetic alterations.

Terminal ilial intussusception in an adult due to endometriosis.

Background: Intussusception is invagination of a proximal segment of bowel into the distal segment in telescopic manner. Although intussusception is common among children, intussusception secondary to terminal ileal endometriosis in an adult is a very rare encounter. We present such a case of intussusception in a Sri Lankan female.

Temporal pattern of acoustic imaging noise asymmetrically modulates activation in the auditory cortex.

This study investigated the hemisphere-specific effects of the temporal pattern of imaging related acoustic noise on auditory cortex activation. Hemodynamic responses (HDRs) to five temporal patterns of imaging noise corresponding to noise generated by unique combinations of imaging volume and effective repetition time (TR), were obtained using a stroboscopic event-related paradigm with extra-long (≥27.5 s) TR to minimize inter-acquisition effects.

Warfarin Blocks Gas6-Mediated Axl Activation Required for Pancreatic Cancer Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis.

Repurposing "old" drugs can facilitate rapid clinical translation but necessitates novel mechanistic insight. Warfarin, a vitamin K "antagonist" used clinically for the prevention of thrombosis for more than 50 years, has been shown to have anticancer effects. We hypothesized that the molecular mechanism underlying its antitumor activity is unrelated to its effect on coagulation, but is due to inhibition of the Axl receptor tyrosine kinase on tumor cells.

Decreased SMAD4 expression is associated with induction of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and cetuximab resistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is frequently overexpressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody targeting this receptor, is widely used to treat these patients. In the following investigation, we examined the role of SMAD4 down-regulation in mediating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cetuximab resistance in HNSCC. We determined that SMAD4 downregulation was significantly associated with increased cell motility, increased expression of vimentin, and cetuximab resistance in HNSCC cell lines.

Phototautomerization on the singlet and triplet surface in o-hydroxyacetophenone derivatives in polar solvents.

Nanosecond laser flash photolysis of o-hydroxyacetophenone (1a) and 2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone (1b) in ethanol and acetonitrile results in absorption due to triplet biradicals 2a (λmax 430 nm, τ ≈ 3 μs) and 2b (λmax 400 nm, τ ≈ 1 μs), respectively. Triplet biradical 2a intersystem crosses to form Z-3a (λmax 400 nm, τ ≈ 10 μs), whereas 2b forms both Z-3b and E-3b (λmax 350 nm, τ ≈ 5 and 72 μs). Quenching studies demonstrate that 3a,b are formed on both the singlet and triplet excited surface of 1a and 1b.

Trans-cis isomerization of vinylketones through triplet 1,2-biradicals.

The irradiation of trans-vinylketones 1a-c yields the corresponding cis isomers 2a-c. Laser flash photolysis of 1a and 1b with 308 and 355 nm lasers results in their triplet ketones (T1K of 1), which rearrange to form triplet 1,2-biradicals 3a and 3b, respectively, whereas irradiation with a 266 nm laser produces their cis-isomers through singlet reactivity. Time-resolved IR spectroscopy of 1a with 266 nm irradiation confirmed that 2a is formed within the laser pulse.