CARD14 signalosome formation is associated with its endosomal relocation and mTORC1-induced keratinocyte proliferation.

Rare mutations in CARD14 promote psoriasis by inducing CARD14-BCL10-MALT1 complexes that activate NF-κB and MAP kinases. Here, the downstream signalling mechanism of the highly penetrant CARD14E138A alteration is described. In addition to BCL10 and MALT1, CARD14E138A associated with several proteins important in innate immune signalling.

CXCL17 binds efficaciously to glycosaminoglycans with the potential to modulate chemokine signaling.

Introduction: CXCL17 is a mucosally secreted protein, and the most recently identified human chemokine, an assignment based on protein fold prediction and chemotactic activity for leukocytes. However, these credentials have been the subject of much recent discussion and no experimental evidence has been presented regarding the definitive structure of CXCL17. In this study, we evaluated the structural and chemoattractant credentials of CXCL17 to better characterize this molecule, and gain deeper insights into its functional role as a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) binding protein.

Transpirational Leaf Cooling Effect Did Not Contribute Equally to Biomass Retention in Wheat Genotypes under High Temperature.

High temperature and water deficit are the most critical yield-limiting environmental factors for wheat in rainfed environments. It is important to understand the heat avoidance mechanisms and their associations with leaf morpho-physiological traits that allow crops to stay cool and retain high biomass under warm and dry conditions. We examined 20 morpho-physiologically diverse wheat genotypes under ambient and elevated temperatures (T) to investigate whether increased water use leads to high biomass retention due to increased leaf cooling.

Stomata coordinate with plant hydraulics to regulate transpiration response to vapour pressure deficit in wheat.

Genotypic variation in transpiration (Tr) response to vapour pressure deficit (VPD) has been studied in many crop species. There is debate over whether shoots or roots drive these responses. We investigated how stomata coordinate with plant hydraulics to mediate Tr response to VPD and influence leaf water status in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.

Responses to post-ruminal infusions of casein and arginine, and to dietary protein supplements in lactating goats.

1. In Expt 1 a study was made in goats of responses in terms of milk production, nitrogen utilization and plasma amino acids to abomasas infusions of casein (45 g/d) in goats given 2.5 kg/d of a ration containing crude protein (N x 6.

Responses to postruminal infusions of graded levels of casein in lactating goats.

1. A study was made in goats of the response in terms of milk production, nitrogen utilization, plasma amino acids and amino acid uptake by the mammary gland, to postruminal infusion of casein. Goats in early lactation, housed in metabolism cages, were fed on 2-5 kg basal ration/d (containing 111 g crude protein (N X 6-25)/kg) and were given, by infusion into the abomasum, 0, 15, 30 or 45 g casein/d.