WITHDRAWN: Hippocampal Volume and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus without Comorbid Malady.

Unlabelled: Since the authors are not responding to the editor’s requests to fulfill the editorial requirement, therefore, the article has been withdrawn. Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused. The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.

A study on hypogonadism in male HIV patients in northeastern part of India.

Context: After the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART), the prevalence of hypogonadism among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected males is decreasing.

Aims: The aim of this study was (i) to estimate the prevalence of hypogonadism among HIV-infected males and (ii) to determine the risk factors for hypogonadism.

Settings And Design: This was a cross-sectional study undertaken at ART center of a medical Institute.

Reference intervals in evaluation of maternal thyroid function of Manipuri women.

Context: The population of Manipur is of different ethnic background from the rest of the country. Several authors have suggested population/ethnic and laboratory specific reference range of maternal thyroid profile of different trimesters.

Aims: To find the reference range of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), total thyroxine (TT4) and total tri-iodothyronine (TT3) levels for normal pregnant women of native Manipur descendants.

Managing type 1 diabetes in remote and challenging locations in India.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a challenging situation for both physician and patient, as it requires a very disciplined lifestyle with regular monitoring and follow-up. It becomes even more difficult when facilities are limited. Manipur has a difficult terrain and due to lack of adequate facilities patients face frequent hypoglycemic episodes and hyperglycemic crises.

Seroprevalence of hepatitis C infection in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Introduction: Hepatitis C is an emerging disease with different studies showing varying prevalence rates across India. In several studies, prevalence of hepatitis C infection was found to be higher in diabetics than nondiabetics. However, none has been reported from India.

Thyroid dysfunction in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children and its correlation with CD4(+) T lymphocyte count.

Context: Thyroid dysfunction has been reported in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals including children. Some studies have reported that thyroid dysfunction may be a marker of severity or progression of HIV.

Aims: The aim was to study thyroid function in HIV-infected children with and without highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART).

Metabolic abnormalities in human immunodeficiency virus patients with protease inhibitor-based therapy.

Context: Several studies have reported metabolic abnormalities in patients taking protease inhibitor (PI) based therapy from several parts of the world. But there is no prospective study in India after switching from PI sparing regimen to PI based regimen.

Aims: To assess whether North-East Indian Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) patients also develop similar metabolic abnormalities to PI.

Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus and its correlation with blood pressure in Manipuri women.

Objective: The aim and objective was to study the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) by using National Diabetes Data Group (NDDG) and American Diabetes Association (ADA) (2004) criteria and the correlation of GDM with gestational blood pressure (BP) and maternal age.

Study Design: This was a cross-sectional study in which 300 pregnant women in 24-28 weeks of pregnancy who screened positive with 1-h glucose load ≥ 140 mg/dL underwent a diagnostic 3-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). BP was obtained by review of the medical records.

Prevalence of lean type 2 diabetes mellitus in recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

Introduction: Obesity has always been thought to be a risk factor for diabetes; however, some studies in India have reported that even lean people are prone to diabetes. We conducted this study to see if this holds true for this part of the country.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of lean type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in recently diagnosed type 2 DM in Manipur.

Familial vitamin D resistant rickets: End-organ resistance to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.

Rickets is softening of bones due to defective mineralization of cartilage in the epiphyseal growth plate, leading to widening of ends of long bones, growth retardation, and skeletal deformities in children. The predominant cause is deficiency or impaired metabolism of vitamin D. The observation that some forms of rickets could not be cured by regular doses of vitamin D, led to the discovery of rare inherited abnormalities of vitamin D metabolism or vitamin D receptor.

Thyroid dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A retrospective study.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a growing problem in our country and we have observed that many patients are associated with thyroid dysfunction later in their life. However, the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in these patients has not been investigated.

Aims And Objectives: To find the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in type 2 DM in Manipur, India.

Testosterone and metabolic syndrome: The link.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) or "Syndrome X" which is a constellation of insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hypertension, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and increased very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and triglyceride (TG) levels. It is one of the main threats for public health in the 21st century with its associated risk of cardiovascular disease. This condition affects a major chunk of mankind.

Nephrolithiasis: Endocrine evaluation.

Nephrolithias is a common problem in populations around the world, and contribute significantly to the development of end stage renal disease. It is a matter of debate whether the metabolic factors responsible for renal stone formation are similar or variable in different populations around the globe. This review discusses the influence of different metabolic and dietary factor, and some other co-morbid conditions on the etiopathogenesis Nephrolithiasis.

Pituitary apoplexy.

Pituitary apoplexy is rare endocrine emergency which can occur due to infarction or haemorrhage of pituitary gland. This disorder most often involves a pituitary adenoma. Occasionally it may be the first manifestation of an underlying adenoma.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy in Manipur.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of diabetic cardiomyopathy in patients with diabetes mellitus in Manipur and its correlation with different parameters like obesity, blood pressure, lipids, duration of diabetes, and glycemic control.

Materials And Methods: A total of 100 type 2 diabetic patients were selected randomly. Anthropometric parameters were recorded, blood glucose levels and lipid profiles were determined, and the echocardiographic examinations were performed in all patients according to standard techniques.

Clinical and biochemical profile of lean type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the most prevalent form of diabetes worldwide. In western countries majority of the cases are obese. The scenario may be different in certain parts of India.

Stress and hormones.

In the modern environment one is exposed to various stressful conditions. Stress can lead to changes in the serum level of many hormones including glucocorticoids, catecholamines, growth hormone and prolactin. Some of these changes are necessary for the fight or flight response to protect oneself.