Strengthening identification and characterization of causes of perinatal deaths in Kaski district of Nepal (Perinatal MITS Nepal).

Background: Three million babies die in the early neonatal period while 2.6 million are stillborn per year worldwide, and one of three deaths can be prevented. The perinatal mortality rate in Nepal is around 31 per 1000 births.

Leveraging long-lasting insecticide-incorporated netting to improve fumigation efficacy against stored product insects.

Background: Long-lasting insecticide-incorporated netting (LLIN) has successfully been used to impair mobility and prevent infestation of stored grain by stored product beetles. Understanding how to integrate LLIN with existing integrated pest management (IPM) tactics, such as phosphine fumigation, can further enhance IPM programs.

Results: We used three 110 metric tons (MT) capacity grain bins, and in each, 60 perforated buckets (e.

Modeling long-term, stage-structured dynamics of Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) at food facilities with and without two types of long-lasting insecticide-incorporated netting.

The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), is a cosmopolitan and destructive external-infesting pest at many food facilities. The use of deltamethrin- and α-cypermethrin-incorporated long-lasting insecticide-incorporated netting (LLIN) has shown incredible promise for the management of stored product insects. However, it is unknown how LLIN deployed within food facilities may affect the long-term population dynamics of T.

Density-mediated foraging behavioral responses of Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae).

Tribolium castaneum and Rhyzopertha dominica are cosmopolitan, destructive postharvest pests. Although research has investigated how high densities of T. castaneum affect attraction to the aggregation pheromone by conspecifics, research into the behavioral response of both species to food cues after high density exposure has been lacking despite its importance to foraging ecology.

Low-grade malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour presenting as retroperitoneal spindle cell neoplasm.

Retroperitoneal spindle cell neoplasms are diagnostically challenging. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours (MPNSTs) can sometimes present as sporadic primary retroperitoneal tumours. MPNSTs are usually high-grade and highly aggressive tumours and are associated with a poor prognosis.

Exploring the usage of learning resources by medical students in the basic science stage and their effect on academic performance.

Background: The United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) step 1 is one of the two examinations written after completion of the first two years (basic science stage) of medical school to be eligible to apply for residency training in the USA. A huge number and types of study materials are available to prepare for the exam which might confuse students choosing a resource. We investigated learning resources being used by the third and fifth-semester medical students and their association with academic performance.

Flight capacity and behavior of Ephestia kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in response to kairomonal and pheromonal stimuli.

Flight behavior is an important component to understand in the context of pest management. However, because of their small size, little is known about the flight capacity of most stored-product insects, and when a flight has been assessed, it usually consists of a propensity for initiating flight. Despite a priori expectations of the importance of flight for moths, there are no data about the flight capacity and little on the flight behavior of the Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).

Efficacy of modified Alvarado score combined with ultrasound in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis: a prospective analytical study.

Background: Appendicitis is the most common surgical emergency encountered in the emergency department, and diagnosis is difficult at times. Imaging and various clinical scoring are present to aid in the diagnosis. Ultrasound is an easily accessible modality and can accomplish more than a computed tomography (CT) scan at times.

Disruption of semiochemical-mediated movement by the immature Trogoderma variabile Baillon and Trogoderma inclusum Le Conte (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) after exposure to long-lasting insecticide-incorporated netting.

Background: Highly mobile stored product insects may be able to readily orient in response to food cues and pheromones to attack durable commodities at each link of the postharvest supply chain. A 0.4% deltamethrin-incorporated long-lasting insecticide-incorporated netting (LLIN) is a successful novel preventative integrated pest management (IPM) tactic to intercept dispersing insects after harvest.

Determination of causes of adult deaths using minimally invasive tissue sampling in Gandaki province of Nepal: a multicenter hospital-based study.

Background: Minimally Invasive Tissue Sampling (MITS) has been successfully used to establish the cause of death in low- and middle-income countries, mostly in stillbirths and neonates. The objective of this study was to determine the causes of death among adults using MITS in the Gandaki province of Nepal and to find out the contribution of MITS to identify the causes of death.

Methods: A multicentric hospital-based pilot study was conducted to enroll 100 cases of adult deaths.

The behavioral response to the putative necromones from dead Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in traps by conspecifics as a function of density and time since capture.

Long-term trapping programs of stored product pests provide information for timely and accurate pest management. Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) is a highly successful external-infesting grain pest and is frequently monitored using a commercial pitfall trap that combines pheromonal and kairomonal stimuli. However, an often overlooked component of lure-based traps is the potential for the volatile plume to change over time as individuals are captured.

Morphological Study of Hashimoto Thyroiditis in Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology Specimens.

Background: Hashimoto thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease which is diagnosed based on well-defined clinical and cytological criteria.

Purpose: The objective of this research is to study cytomorphological features in patients of Hashimoto thyroiditis and compare the findings with other studies. Literature on morphology of multinucleated giant cells was found to be lacking, and this study has focused on the number and morphology of these cells in this study.

Diversity and prevalence of nuisance arthropods detected by sticky traps in apartments in New Jersey.

Many nuisance arthropods occur in homes. In this study, nuisance arthropods are defined as any arthropod other than cockroaches and bed bugs. We examined nuisance arthropods found on sticky traps in 1,581 low-income apartments in four cities in New Jersey during 2018-2019 as part of a study for monitoring cockroach infestations.

Insecticide Resistance of L. Populations and the Performance of Selected Neonicotinoid-Pyrethroid Mixture Sprays and an Inorganic Dust.

Insecticide resistance is one of the factors contributing to the resurgence of the common bed bug, L. This study aimed to profile the resistance levels of field-collected populations to two neonicotinoids and one pyrethroid insecticide and the performance of selected insecticide sprays and an inorganic dust. The susceptibility of 13 field-collected populations from the United States to acetamiprid, imidacloprid, and deltamethrin was assessed by topical application using a discriminating dose (10 × LD of the respective chemical against a laboratory strain).

Behcet's Disease with Absent HLA Serotyping and Pathergy Test.

Behcet's disease is a multisystemic vasculitis of unknown etiopathogenesis characterized by recurrent acute inflammation. A 30-year male presented with progressive blurred vision in both eye for one month associated with photophobia, redness and ocular pain. On presentation best corrected visual acuity was 6/9 both eyes.

Macular Corneal Dystrophy in an Adolescent Managed with Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty.

Introduction: Macular corneal dystrophy (MCD) is a rare autosomal recessive stromal dystrophy. The prevalence of inherited diseases varies in different communities. It is not commonly observed in Nepal.

X-linked Juvenile Retinoschisis in a Young Female.

X-linked juvenile retinoschisis has recessive inheritance which occurs due to RS1 gene mutation. We report an instance in a female managed with systemic and topical carbonic-anhydrase inhibitors. 18-year female presented with bilateral blurred vision for two years.

Microscopic assisted excision of a rare posterior triangle branchial cyst.

Branchial cyst is a painless mass commonly located in the anterior triangle of the neck. It is rarely found in the posterior triangle of the neck. A computed tomography scan of the neck is important to see the extent of the anomaly and its relationship with the major vessel.

Endoscopic management of huge pleomorphic adenoma of the nasal septum; a case report.

Introduction: and Importance: Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is one of the most common benign tumors of the salivary glands. They can develop in all the salivary glands, but it most commonly occurs in the parotid gland, followed minor salivary gland. It may occurs at the hard and soft palate, lips, cheeks, gingiva, and nasal septum.

Mobility of Phosphine-Susceptible and -Resistant Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) After Exposure to Controlled Release Materials With Existing and Novel Active Ingredients.

There is interest in developing controlled release materials (CRMs) with novel modes of action to improve resistance management. Long-lasting insecticide-incorporated netting (LLIN) with deltamethrin has been effectively used against stored-product pests. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of different CRMs (LLIN or packaging) with each of four active ingredients (AI) (deltamethrin, permethrin, indoxacarb, and dinotefuran) and compared them to control CRMs in reducing movement and increasing mortality of phosphine-susceptible and -resistant Rhyzopertha dominica and Tribolium castaneum.

A Biomass Pyrolysis Oil as a Novel Insect Growth Regulator Mimic for a Variety of Stored Product Beetles.

As fumigants face increasing regulatory restrictions, resistance, and consumer pushback, it is vital to expand the integrated pest management (IPM) chemical toolkit for stored products. The production of biomass derived insecticides (e.g.

Prevalence of Cockroaches, Bed Bugs, and House Mice in Low-Income Housing and Evaluation of Baits for Monitoring House Mouse Infestations.

Pests are frequently found in homes, especially in apartment buildings in low-income communities. We investigated the prevalence and patterns of pest infestations in low-income communities in four cities (Jersey City, Linden, Paterson, Trenton) in New Jersey, USA. Resident interviews, visual inspections, and the placement of monitors were used to identify pest infestations.

Histopathological Spectrum of Oral Mucosal Lesions in a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Background: Neoplastic as well as non-neoplastic lesions commonly involve oral mucosa. It had been observed that benign lesions were more common than malignant ones. The present study was done to evaluate the pattern of distribution of various oral mucosal lesions in a tertiary care hospital.

Burden of Serious Bacterial Infections and Multidrug-Resistant Organisms in an Adult Population of Nepal: A Comparative Analysis of Minimally Invasive Tissue Sampling Informed Mortality Surveillance of Community and Hospital Deaths.

Background: Bacterial diseases are the leading cause of mortality globally, and due to haphazard use of antibiotics, antimicrobial resistance has become an emerging threat.

Methods: This cross-sectional observational study utilized a minimally invasive tissue sampling procedure to determine the cause of death among an adult population. Bacterial cultures (blood, cerebrospinal fluid, lung tissue) and antibiotic susceptibility were evaluated, and the results were compared between community and hospital deaths.

Effect of seed hydro-priming durations on germination and seedling growth of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia).

The yield and quality of an annual crop are highly dependent on uniform and rapid germination of the seeds. In case of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia), the germination and field emergence is always a problem as seeds have thick and hard seed coat. Pre-sowing hydro-priming is one of the most suitable, affordable, easily available, and cost-effective techniques in breaking down seed dormancy to enhance germination.