Splintered tubercular granuloma-A consistent cytological findings in drug defaulters.

Background: Tuberculosis remains a major health problem in the less developed nations and is now a major health problem in developed countries, owing to the emergence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and (AIDS). However, despite the availability of effective chemotherapy, patient noncompliance with regimens is the most common reason for therapeutic failures. The aim of this study is to describe the cytological features of drug defaulters on lymph node fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC).

Addition of a Short Course of Prednisolone to a Gluten-Free Diet vs. Gluten-Free Diet Alone in Recovery of Celiac Disease: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background A gluten-free diet (GFD) is the standard of care in the management of patients with celiac disease, but clinical and histological recovery are often delayed. In newly diagnosed patients, strict compliance to GFD is difficult to achieve; this is especially true in developing countries where gluten-free food is often difficult to obtain. Steroids, when used alone, can be effective in inducing recovery in patients with celiac disease.

Fibrosarcoma of the Gingiva: An Unusual Presentation.

Fibrosarcoma is a malignant tumor of the fibroblasts, which is liable to recur and metastasize, most frequently in the lungs. Although fibrosarcomas are rare, they can occur anywhere in the body. The most common sites are in the retroperitoneum, thigh, knee, and distal extremities.

Transition of Immunohistochemical Expression of E-Cadherin and Vimentin from Premalignant to Malignant Lesions of Oral Cavity and Oropharynx.

Objectives: We sought to study the expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers E-cadherin and vimentin in precancerous lesions of the oral cavity and oropharynx and to use the specific pattern of expression to predict invasiveness.

Methods: This cross-sectional study looked at 87 cases of oral and oropharyngeal lesions obtained between December 2012 and November 2014 in the Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, India. Fifty-three biopsies from the buccal mucosa, tongue, and pharynx and 34 resected oral specimens were evaluated for premalignant and malignant lesions using hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical stains.

Clinco-Pathological Patterns in Women with Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding.

Background: The term dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) refers to any abnormal bleeding from the uterus, unassociated with tumour, inflammation and pregnancy. The histological diagnosis of DUB is very essential for adequate management especially in perimenopausal and postmenopausal females. The present study was undertaken with the aim of evaluating DUB in various age groups, carry out histopathological study of the endometrium and analyze its clinic-pathological patterns.

The role of laboratory investigations in evaluating abdominal tuberculosis.

Background And Objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a major health problem in developing countries like India. Abdominal TB is defined as an infection of the peritoneum, or hollow or solid abdominal organs with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). The gastrointestinal tract is one of the most frequent sites of extrapulmonary involvement in TB.

Isolated cystic echinococcosis of kidney burlesquing as renal cell carcinoma: a diagnostic pitfall.

Echinococcus granulosus infection affects worldwide population, including countries of South and Central America, Middle East, sub-Saharan region, Russia and China. In cystic echinococcosis diagnosis is related to the presence of single or multiple well-delineated spherical primary cyst, commonly seen involving liver followed by lungs. Renal hydatid cyst is rare, comprising of about 2-3% of all locations, isolated renal involvement is even rarer.

Foetal autopsy-categories and causes of death.

Introduction: Intrauterine death(IUD)/ Stillbirth forms a major part of perinatal mortality which thereby is a good indicator of pregnancy wastage as well as quality of healthcare available. The key objectives of autopsy examination are to know the cause(s) of death, elucidation of pathogenic mechanism and quality control of clinical management. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalent causes of IUD, thereby taking appropriate measures to prevent them and decrease the perinatal mortality rate.

Cytological diagnosis of chondroblastoma: diagnostic challenge for the cytopathologist.

Chondroblastoma is an uncommon osseous neoplasm that accounts for less than 1% of all bone tumours. It characteristically arises in the epiphysis or epimetaphyseal region of long bones and has been reported to affect people of all ages with slight male predilection. WHO has defined chondroblastoma as 'a benign, cartilage-producing neoplasm usually arising in the epiphyses of skeletally immature patients'.

Eosinophilic granuloma of the mandible: a diagnostic dilemma.

Eosinophilic granuloma (EG) is a rare histiocytic disorder resulting from clonal proliferation of Langerhans cells. It accounts for less than 1% of all osseous neoplasms and has a predilection for involving the axial skeleton. Although suspicion of the disease may arise from clinical features and radiographic demonstration of destructive bone lesions, it is still difficult to make a correct diagnosis without proper pathological evaluation.

The significance of microbiopsies in cytological smears.

Background: The role of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the diagnosis of malignant lesions is well documented. Conventionally obtained fine needle aspiration (FNA) smears frequently contain well preserved viable intact tissue fragments (microbiopsies).

Aims: The present study was aimed at evaluating the microbiopsies and carrying out further cyto-histopathologic correlation in order to assess what additional information they could provide.

On-spot brilliant cresyl blue staining in fine needle aspiration, a novel technique for cytological diagnosis.

Objective: Application of on-spot staining with brilliant cresyl blue, a supravital stain, was investigated in fine needle aspirates from breast, lymph node and thyroid.

Study Design: Patients with palpable breast lumps, lymph nodes and thyroid nodules were included in the study. Brilliant cresyl blue was used to stain the smears, which were evaluated for smear adequacy as well as cytological diagnosis.

Myxoid neurothekeoma: a rare soft tissue tumor of hand in a male toddler.

Neurothekeomas are rare benign neoplasms, typically occurring in young patients with a remarkable predilection for the female population. Patients usually present with a small nodule in different anatomical sites, commonly involving the face and the upper limb. We report a case of a three-year-old boy, who presented with a nontender nodule on the left thumb.

Paraganglioma of the thyroid gland: cytologists' enigma.

Paraganglioma is a neuroendocrine tumour derived from extra-adrenal cells of the neural crest paraganglia of the autonomic nervous system. These rare neoplasms comprise of around 0.012% of head and neck tumours.

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid gland: a rare entity.

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid gland is a rare aggressive malignancy. It is a rapidly advancing lesion which, if not recognised and treated early, results in high morbidity and mortality. Despite radical surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy, prognosis of this cancer continues to be poor.

The role of intraoperative cytology in the diagnostic evaluation of ovarian neoplasms.

Objective: To determine the role of intraoperative cytology (IOC) in the diagnostic evaluation of ovarian neoplasms.

Methods: The present study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, AMU, Aligarh, India, over a time span of 18 months. Depending on the consistency of the lesion, touch, scrape or crush techniques were used to prepare cytological smears.

Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans of Male Breast: An Unusual Presentation.

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare tumor, which usually presents during early or middle adult life, as erythematous indurated firm subcutaneous nodules. DFSP involving the breast is a rare phenomenon and even rarer in males. We describe a case of a male patient who presented with this tumor in his left breast.

Synchronous ovarian carcinoma with colorectal metastases: an unusual presentation.

This report describes the case of a 50-year-old female patient who presented with bilateral adnexal lump and dysfunctional uterine bleeding with altered bowel habits. Computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis revealed a bilateral adnexal lump situated in both the ovaries and a lobular mass of 8 cm in the rectum. Proctoscopy revealed an elevated irregular rectal lesion.

Cytologic diagnosis of acinic cell carcinoma of minor salivary gland: a distinct rarely described entity.

A rare case of acinic cell carcinoma of minor salivary gland with cervical lymph node metastasis in a 50-year-old man is reported and the literature regarding this type of tumor is reviewed. These tumors arise from either an intercalated duct stem cell or the reserve cell of the salivary gland terminal tubule but not from both simultaneously. Rarely these neoplasms arise from more mature acinar cells.

The role of sediment cytology in ovarian neoplasm.

Objective: It was our aim to study the role of sediment cytology in a diagnostic evaluation of ovarian neoplasm.

Methods: The present study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, AMU, Aligarh, India, over a span of 22 months. Cytological smears were prepared by centrifuging the sediment of fluid from the bottom of a container in which surgical specimens were received.

Sister Mary Joseph's nodule: a rare cytologic presentation.

Umbilical metastasis is one of the main characteristic signs of extensive neoplastic disease and is universally referred to as Sister Mary Joseph's nodule. It indicates neoplasm of inner organs mostly located in the gastrointestinal tract or the pelvis. However, in approximately 15-30% the primary tumor remains occult.

Acute promyelocytic leukemia, hypogranular variant: a rare presentation.

Early diagnosis of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is essential because of its associated life threatening coagulopathy and unique response to all trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) therapy. The characteristic cell morphology supplemented by cytochemistry offers the most rapid means for diagnosis. Here we describe a rare case of acute promyelocytic leukemia-hypogranular variant that poses particular diagnostic challenge.

Ovarian steroid cell tumour: correlation of histopathology with clinicopathologic features.

Ovarian steroid cell tumours (not otherwise specified) are rare neoplasms of the ovary and are classified under lipid cell tumours. Their diagnosis can be considered as one of exclusion. Histopathologically, the tumour should carefully be evaluated for microscopic features of malignancy, but it is essential for the clinician and the pathologist to remember that in these tumours, pathologically benign histomorphology does not exclude the possibility of clinically malignant behaviour.