Iron oxide nanozymes as versatile analytical tools: an overview of their application as detection technique.

Iron oxide nanozymes (IONzymes) have become fundamental components in various analyte detection methodologies such as colorimetric, electrochemistry, fluorescence and luminescence. Their tunability, stability and the possibility of modification, alongside their ability to mimic the catalytic properties of natural enzymes like peroxidase, render them invaluable in analytical chemistry. This review explores the diverse applications of IONzymes across analytical chemistry, with a particular highlighting on their roles in different detection techniques and their potential in biomedical and diagnostic applications.

Chemical composition, antioxidant, and enzyme inhibition activities of Crithmum maritimum essential oils: the first chemo-biological study for species grown in North Africa.

Crithmum maritimum (sea fennel), is a halophytic plant species found globally in coastal environments. This study is the first investigation into the chemical composition and biological activities of C. maritimum growing wildly in Jebel Akhdar, Libya.

Assessment of the anticancer potential of certain phenolic and flavonoid components in ginger capsules using colorectal cancer cell lines coupled with quantitative analysis.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common cause of malignant tumor death. The development of novel, more effective drugs is desperately needed to treat CRC. Zingiber officinale is believed to possess anticancer properties due to its flavonoids and phenols.

Quantitation of thiorphan in human plasma using LC-MS/MS and its application to a bioequivalence study.

Racecadotril, an anti-secretory medication, has been used as an adjuvant in an oral rehydration therapy for children experiencing severe diarrhea. Racecadotril is quickly converted to thiorphan, an active metabolite, after oral treatment, which mediates all subsequent activities. An efficient and rapid liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and fully validated to measure thiorphan in human plasma, using thiorphan-d7 as an internal standard.

Upregulation of Anti-Desmocollin 3 Antibodies in Pemphigus Diseases: A Case-control Study.

Background: Pemphigus diseases are a subgroup of autoimmune bullous diseases characterized by autoantibodies against desmogleins and occasionally desmocollins. Desmocollin 3 is the main desmocollin isoform that contributes to cell adhesion in the epidermis.

Objective: To evaluate the presence and level of anti-desmocollin 3 antibodies in pemphigus diseases, and to investigate whether their presence is associated with a specific type, presentation, or clinical pattern.

Magnetic iron oxide-based nanozymes: from synthesis to application.

Iron oxide nanozymes (IONzymes) are a class of magnetic nanoparticles that mimic the enzymatic activity of natural enzymes. These particles have received significant attention in recent years due to their unique properties, such as high stability, tunable magnetic responsiveness, and ability to act as biocatalysts for various chemical reactions. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the production methods of magnetic nanozymes, including chemical, physical, and biological synthesis.

The Brain Health Imperative in the 21st Century-A Call to Action: The AAN Brain Health Platform and Position Statement.

Brain health is crucial to optimizing both the function and well-being of every person at each stage of life and is key to both individual and social progress. As a concept, brain health is complex and requires a multidisciplinary collaborative approach between many professional and public organizations to bring into effect meaningful change. Neurologists are uniquely positioned to serve as specialists in brain health and to advance the newly evolving field of preventive neurology, which aims to identify individuals at high risk of brain disorders and other neurologic conditions and offer strategies to mitigate disease emergence or progression.

Electroencephalographic (EEG) Biomarkers in Genetic Neurodevelopmental Disorders.

Collectively, neurodevelopmental disorders are highly prevalent, but more than a third of neurodevelopmental disorders have an identifiable genetic etiology, each of which is individually rare. The genes associated with neurodevelopmental disorders are often involved in early brain development, neuronal signaling, or synaptic plasticity. Novel treatments for many genetic neurodevelopmental disorders are being developed, but disease-relevant clinical outcome assessments and biomarkers are limited.

Accelerated Implementation of a Virtual Neurology Clerkship Amid a Global Crisis.

The standard neurology clinical experience in medical school focuses primarily on bedside patient encounters; however, the limitations of the clinical environment due to the current COVID-19 pandemic have accelerated the need for virtual curriculum development. To provide guidance to Neurology clerkship directors during this unprecedented time, the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) Undergraduate Education Subcommittee (UES) formed a workgroup to develop an outline for a virtual curriculum, provide recommendations, and describe models of integrating virtual curricula into the neurology clerkship. In this overview, we discuss different methods of virtual instruction, hybrid models of clerkship training and the challenges to its implementation, professionalism issues, and modification of feedback and assessment techniques specific to the virtual learning environment.

Comparative Phytochemical Profile and Biological Activity of Four Major Medicinal Halophytes from Qassim Flora.

Four halophytic plants, , , , and , growing in the central Qassim area, Saudi Arabia, were phytochemically and biologically investigated. Their hydroalcoholic extracts' UPLC-ESIQ-TOF analyses demonstrated the presence of 44 compounds of phenolic acids, flavonoids, saponins, carbohydrates, and fatty acids chemical classes. Among all the plants' extracts, showed the highest quantities of total phenolics, and flavonoids contents (52.

Contemporary Neuroscience Core Curriculum for Medical Schools.

Medical students need to understand core neuroscience principles as a foundation for their required clinical experiences in neurology. In fact, they need a solid neuroscience foundation for their clinical experiences in all other medical disciplines also because the nervous system plays such a critical role in the function of every organ system. Because of the rapid pace of neuroscience discoveries, it is unrealistic to expect students to master the entire field.

Predictors of Neurodevelopmental Impairment After Neonatal Bacterial Meningitis.

Background: Neonatal bacterial meningitis has high rates of morbidity and mortality. Early clinical signs and neuroimaging suggest adverse outcomes, but little is known about their combined predictive properties. We evaluated the combination of findings most associated with death and neurodevelopmental impairment.

Regional sequence expansion or collapse in heterozygous genome assemblies.

High levels of heterozygosity present a unique genome assembly challenge and can adversely impact downstream analyses, yet is common in sequencing datasets obtained from non-model organisms. Here we show that by re-assembling a heterozygous dataset with variant parameters and different assembly algorithms, we are able to generate assemblies whose protein annotations are statistically enriched for specific gene ontology categories. While total assembly length was not significantly affected by assembly methodologies tested, the assemblies generated varied widely in fragmentation level and we show local assembly collapse or expansion underlying the enrichment or depletion of specific protein functional groups.

High performance liquid chromatography - Mass spectrometric bioanalytical method for the determination of dapoxetine in human plasma: Application for bioequivalence study.

Dapoxetine is an oral medication used for treatment of premature ejaculation (PE) in men aged (18-64 years). In this study, we present a validated, precise and sensitive method for determination of dapoxetine in human plasma by liquid chromatography/ electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Dapoxetine and the internal standard (Dapoxetine- d) were extracted from plasma via liquid-liquid extraction (LLE).

Epigenetic Regulation of Neuregulin-1 Tunes White Adipose Stem Cell Differentiation.

Expansion of subcutaneous adipose tissue by differentiation of new adipocytes has been linked to improvements in metabolic health. However, an expandability limit has been observed wherein new adipocytes cannot be produced, the existing adipocytes become enlarged (hypertrophic) and lipids spill over into ectopic sites. Inappropriate ectopic storage of these surplus lipids in liver, muscle, and visceral depots has been linked with metabolic dysfunction.

Attracting neurology's next generation: A qualitative study of specialty choice and perceptions.

Objectives: To better understand the reasons medical students select or avoid a career in neurology by using a qualitative methodology to explore these factors, with the long-term objective of attracting more graduates to the field.

Methods: In 2017, 27 medical students and 15 residents participated in 5 focus groups, and 33 fourth-year medical students participated in semistructured individual interviews. Participants were asked predefined open-ended questions about specialty choice, experiences in their basic neuroscience course and neurology clerkship, and perceptions about the field.

New-Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus in Children: Etiologies, Treatments, and Outcomes.

Objectives: To elucidate etiologies, treatment, functional and neurocognitive outcomes of children with new-onset refractory status epilepticus.

Design: A single-center retrospective study.

Setting: A tertiary care children's hospital.

Outcomes of High-Dose Steroid Therapy for Infantile Spasms in Children With Trisomy 21.

Objective: We performed a retrospective chart review of patients with trisomy 21 and infantile spasms in our university-based pediatric epilepsy center between 2002 and 2016 in order to describe the clinical characteristics of children with these diagnoses as well as to evaluate their response to first-line treatments.

Methods: Patients with infantile spasms were identified via the neurophysiology database. Charts were reviewed with attention to infantile spasms diagnosis, presence of trisomy 21, age of reported clinical onset, treatment lag, treatments used, response to treatment, imaging findings, electroencephalography (EEG) data, and developmental outcomes.

Characteristics of graduating US allopathic medical students pursuing a career in neurology.

Objectives: To identify factors associated with medical students becoming neurologists because, despite the increasing burden of neurologic disorders, there is a growing neurologist shortage.

Methods: Deidentified data from the Association of American Medical Colleges Matriculating Student Questionnaire (MSQ) and Graduation Questionnaire (GQ) were obtained for the graduation years 2013 to 2014 through 2016 to 2017. Logistic regression was used to assess demographic characteristics and responses to training and career-related questions in association with specialty choice (intent to enter neurology).

Therapeutic applications of adipose-derived stem cells in cardiovascular disease.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one cause of death globally, and new therapeutic techniques outside of traditional pharmaceutical and surgical interventions are currently being developed. At the forefront is stem cell-centered therapy, with adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs), an adult stem population, providing significant clinical promise. When introduced into damaged heart tissue, ADSCs promote cardiac regeneration by a variety of mechanisms including differentiation into new cardiomyocytes and secretion of paracrine factors acting on endogenous cardiac cells.

Sorbent, device, matrix and application in microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS): A review.

Microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) is a new miniaturized form of solid-phase extraction and it is a green sample pretreatment technology. MEPS has been widely accepted and used by several research groups online or offline as a sample preparation technique before instrument analysis. MEPS reduces the sample handling time and organic solvent consumption.