Changes of th1 and th2 cytokines levels among sudanese tuberculosis patients during treatment.

Background: The interaction of T cells with infected macrophages depends on the interplay of cytokines produced in each cell, and this mechanism is a key to protective immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Extensive research has been devoted to studying the changes in systemic cytokine levels in patients with tuberculosis (TB), but the results are inconclusive. Determine Th1 and Th2 cytokine immune response levels among new TB patients compared to follow-up and healthy control.

Prevalence of Antibodies to Simbu Serogroup Viruses in Cattle in Sudan.

The Simbu serogroup is one of the serogroups that belong to the genus of the family . Simbu serogroup viruses are transmitted mainly by biting midges. Meager information is available on Simbu serogroup virus infection in ruminants in Sudan.