Discovery of novel dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitory peptides derived from walnut protein and their bioactivities and .

The inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) has been regarded as a major target for treating type-2 diabetes (T2D). Food-derived peptides are a great source of DPP-IV inhibitory peptides. In this study, we utilized walnut protein as the raw material and hydrolyzed it using four different proteases.

Novel Insights into the Kallikrein-Kinin System in Fulminant Myocarditis: Physiological Basis and Potential Therapeutic Advances.

Fulminant myocarditis (FM) is characterized by rapid cardiac deterioration often instigated by an inflammatory cytokine storm. The kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) is a metabolic cascade known for releasing vasoactive kinins, such as bradykinin-related peptides, possessing diverse pharmacological activities that include inflammation, regulation of vascular permeability, endothelial barrier dysfunction, and blood pressure modulation. The type 1 and type 2 bradykinin receptors (B1R and B2R), integral components of the KKS system, mediate the primary biological effects of kinin peptides.

Ethylene-Propylene-Methylene/Isoprene Rubber/SiO Nanocomposites with Enhanced Mechanical Performances and Deformation Recovery Ability by a Combination of Synchronously Vulcanizing and Nanoparticle Reinforcement.

It is highly desired yet challenging to develop advanced elastomers with excellent mechanical properties, including high strength and toughness. In this work, strong and tough rubber/rubber compound vulcanizates were facilely prepared by blending ethylene-propylene-methylene (EPM) and isoprene rubber (IR) together with dicumyl peroxide (DCP) and subsequent vulcanization, since both EPM and IR can be vulcanized synchronously by DCP and the well-crosslinked structure of EPM/IR vulcanizate presented a stable phase separation state. By tuning their composition, EPM/IR vulcanizates could present remarkably improved mechanical strength and toughness, as well as excellent energy dissipation and deformation recovery abilities.

Co-hydrothermal carbonization of lignocellulosic biomass and swine manure: Optimal parameters for enhanced nutrient reclamation, carbon sequestration, and heavy metals passivation.

Hydrochar, the primary product of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of wet organic waste, is recognized as a versatile, carbon-abundant material with diverse applications. However, optimizing its performance for specific uses remains challenging. Therefore, this study introduced a co-HTC process involving carbon-rich lignocellulosic materials and ash-rich livestock manure [i.

Meta-analysis and systematic review of the diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography for the detection of breast cancer.

Objective: The objective is to evaluate the diagnostic effectiveness of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) in the diagnosis of breast cancer.

Design: DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Embase and Cochrane libraries up to 18 June 2022.

Eligibility Criteria For Selecting Studies: We included trials studies, compared the results of different researchers on CESM in the diagnosis of breast cancer, and calculated the diagnostic value of CESM for breast cancer.

The Impact of Thermal Treatment Intensity on Proteins, Fatty Acids, Macro/Micro-Nutrients, Flavor, and Heating Markers of Milk-A Comprehensive Review.

Milk thermal treatment, such as pasteurization, high-temperature short-time processing, and the emerging ultra-short-time processing (<0.5 s), are crucial for ensuring milk safety and extending its shelf life. Milk is a nutritive food matrix with various macro/micro-nutrients and other constituents that are possibly affected by thermal treatment for reasons associated with processing strength.

Impact of residual antibiotics on microbial decomposition of livestock manures in Eutric Regosol: Implications for sustainable nutrient recycling and soil carbon sequestration.

The land application of livestock manure has been widely acknowledged as a beneficial approach for nutrient recycling and environmental protection. However, the impact of residual antibiotics, a common contaminant of manure, on the degradation of organic compounds and nutrient release in Eutric Regosol is not well understood. Here, we studied, how oxytetracycline (OTC) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) affect the decomposition, microbial community structure, extracellular enzyme activities and nutrient release from cattle and pig manure using litterbag incubation experiments.

Neuroprotective and vasoprotective effects of herb pair of Zhiqiao-Danggui in ischemic stroke uncovered by LC-MS/MS-based metabolomics approach.

Ischemic stroke is the most important cause of disability and death worldwide, but current treatments remain limited. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) including the herb pair of Zhiqiao-Danggui (ZD) offers a multifaceted treatment approach through promoting blood circulation, yet its specific anti-ischemic mechanism remains unclear. This study used the photochemically induced thrombosis (PIT) mouse model and the oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) cell model to explore the therapeutic effect of ZD on ischemic stroke.

Contribution to energy conservation and quality improvement of frozen pork via contact/contactless immersion freezing in NaCl solution.

High energy consumption and quality deterioration are major challenges in the meat freezing process. In this study, the energy consumption and qualities of frozen pork were investigated using three freezing methods: nonpackaged pork air freezing (NAF), contactless immersion freezing (PIF) and contact immersion freezing (NIF) with NaCl solution as a refrigerant. The results indicated that NIF could improve the energy conservation and freezing efficiency in >4 freezing treatment-times by increasing the unfrozen water content, decreasing the frozen heat load, shortening the freezing time and reducing evaporation loss.

A stepwise prediction and interpretation of gestational diabetes mellitus: Foster the practical application of machine learning in clinical decision.

Background: Machine learning has shown to be an effective method for early prediction and intervention of Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), which greatly decreases GDM incidence, reduces maternal and infant complications and improves the prognosis. However, there is still much room for improvement in data quality, feature dimension, and accuracy. The contributions and mechanism explanations of clinical data at different pregnancy stages to the prediction accuracy are still lacking.

Development and Validation of a High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled With Ultraviolet Detection Method for Quantification of Bictegravir in Human Plasma.

Background: To establish a method for determining the bictegravir (BIC) concentration in human plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet detection.

Methods: The analysis was performed on a CLC-octadecylsilane column (150 × 6.0 mm, 5 μm) using a mixture of phosphate buffer and acetonitrile (62:38, v/v) as the mobile phase at the flow rate of 1.

Deciphering the key factors affecting pesticide residue risk in vegetable ecosystem.

Soil contamination, particularly from pesticide residues, presents a significant challenge to the sustainable development of agricultural ecosystems. Identifying the key factors influencing soil pesticide residue risk and implementing effective measures to mitigate their risks at the source are essential. Here, we collected soil samples and conducted a comprehensive survey among local farmers in the Three Gorges Reserve Area, a major agricultural production region in Southwest China.

The Effect of subsp. MN-Gup on Glucose Metabolism, Gut Microbiota, and Their Metabolites in Type 2 Diabetic Mice.

Probiotics have garnered increasing attention as a potential therapeutic approach for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Previous studies have confirmed that subsp. MN-Gup (MN-Gup) could stimulate the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in NCI-H716 cells, but whether MN-Gup has a hypoglycemic effect on T2DM in vivo remains unclear.

Decreased Tiam1-mediated Rac1 activation is responsible for impaired directional persistence of chondrocyte migration in microtia.

The human auricle has a complex structure, and microtia is a congenital malformation characterized by decreased size and loss of elaborate structure in the affected ear with a high incidence. Our previous studies suggest that inadequate cell migration is the primary cytological basis for the pathogenesis of microtia, however, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, we further demonstrate that microtia chondrocytes show a decreased directional persistence during cell migration.

Using network pharmacology to discover potential drugs for hypertrophic scars.

Background: Hypertrophic scarring is a disease of abnormal skin fibrosis caused by excessive fibroblast proliferation. Existing drugs have not achieved satisfactory therapeutic effects.

Objectives: To explore the molecular pathogenesis of hypertrophic scars and screen effective drugs for their treatment.

Single cells and TRUST4 reveal immunological features of the HFRS transcriptome.

The etiology of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is significantly impacted by a variety of immune cells. Nevertheless, the existing techniques for sequencing peripheral blood T cell receptor (TCR) or B cell receptor (BCR) libraries in HFRS are constrained by both limitations and high costs. In this investigation, we utilized the computational tool TRUST4 to generate TCR and BCR libraries utilizing comprehensive RNA-seq data from peripheral blood specimens of HFRS patients.

Reducing carbon and nitrogen loss by shortening the composting duration based on seed germination index (SCD@GI): Feasibilities and challenges.

Addressing carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) losses through composting has emerged as a critical environmental challenge recently, and how to mitigate these losses has been a hot topic across the world. As the emissions of carbonaceous and nitrogenous gases were closely correlated with the composting process, the feasibility of composting duration shortening on C and N loss needs to be explored. Therefore, the goal of this paper is to find evidence-based approaches to reduce composting duration, utilizing the seed germination index as a metric (SCD@GI), for assessing its efficiency on C and N loss reductions as well as compost quality.

The Role of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Mediated F-Actin in the Acupuncture-Induced Mitigation of Inflammatory Pain in Arthritic Rats.

The analgesic efficacy of acupuncture has been widely recognized. However, the mechanism by which manual acupuncture-generated mechanical stimuli translate into biological signals remains unclear. This study employed a CFA-induced inflammatory pain rat model.

Meta-analysis addressing the potential of antibiotic resistance gene elimination through aerobic composting.

The significant increase in antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in organic solid wastes (OSWs) has emerged as a major threat to the food chain. Aerobic composting is a widely used technology for OSW management, with the potential to influence the fate of AGRs. However, the variability of the ARG elimination effects reported in different studies has highlighted the uncertainty regarding the effects of composting on ARGs.

Associations between EEG power and coherence with cognition and early precursors of speech and language development across the first months of life.

The neural processes underpinning cognition and language development in infancy are of great interest. We investigated EEG power and coherence in infancy, as a reflection of underlying cortical function of single brain region and cross-region connectivity, and their relations to cognition and early precursors of speech and language development. EEG recordings were longitudinally collected from 21 infants with typical development between approximately 1 and 7 months.