Predictors of carotid plaque progression over a 4-year follow-up in the Reykjavik REFINE-study.

Background And Aims: Carotid plaque is an arterial marker suggested as a surrogate end point for cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to examine the association of risk factors at visit 1 with plaque formation and progression of total plaque area (TPA) during follow-up.

Methods: We examined 1894 participants (50-69 years of age) in the population-based REFINE (Risk Evaluation For INfarct Estimates)-Reykjavik study.

Prevalence and determinants of carotid plaque in the cross-sectional REFINE-Reykjavik study.

Objective: Carotid plaque and intima-media thickness are non-invasive arterial markers that are used as surrogate end points for cardiovascular disease. The aim was to assess the prevalence and severity of carotid plaque, and examine its determinant risk factors and their association to the common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA-IMT) in a general population.

Methods: We examined 6524 participants aged 25-69 years in the population-based REFINE (Risk Evaluation For INfarct Estimates)-Reykjavik study.

Carotid atherosclerosis and cardiovascular health metrics in old subjects from the AGES-Reykjavik study.

Background: Ideal cardiovascular (CV) health by simultaneous presence of 7 ideal health metrics (blood pressure, cholesterol, glucose, smoking, BMI, physical activity and diet) has been defined by the American Heart Association. In the current study we investigated the association of a CV health score (range 0-14), on the extent and progression of carotid atherosclerosis, assessed as carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and total plaque area (TPA) by ultrasound at 5 years interval.

Methods And Results: A total of 219 participants (age 75.

Characterisation and expression of the paired box protein 7 (Pax7) gene in polymorphic Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus).

Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus L.) from Lake Thingvallavatn, Iceland occur as four distinct morphs: large benthivorous (LB), dwarf benthivorous (DB), piscivorous (PI) and planktonivorous (PL). The morphs differ with respect to body size, head morphology, growth rate, and life history.