Cell-type-specific imaging of neurotransmission reveals a disrupted excitatory-inhibitory cortical network in isoflurane anaesthesia.

Background: Despite the fundamental clinical significance of general anaesthesia, the cortical mechanism underlying anaesthetic-induced loss of consciousness (aLOC) remains elusive.

Methods: Here, we measured the dynamics of two major cortical neurotransmitters, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate, through in vivo two-photon imaging and genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors in a cell type-specific manner in the primary visual (V1) cortex.

Findings: We found a general decrease in cortical GABA transmission during aLOC.

Knowledge, contact and stigma of mental illness: Comparing three stakeholder groups in Hong Kong.

Background: It remains unknown what the impacts of multiple dimensions of contact (e.g. level, quantity and quality) are on the stigma of mental illness.

Poverty transitions in severe mental illness: longitudinal analysis of social drift in China, 1994-2015.

Background: Although poverty associated with severe mental illness (SMI) has been documented in many studies, little long-term evidence of social drift exists. This study aimed to unravel the poverty transitions among persons with SMI in a fast change community in China.

Methods: Two mental health surveys, using the International Classification of Disease (ICD-10), were conducted in the same six townships of Xinjin county, Chengdu, China in 1994 and 2015.

Quaternary Chalcohalides CdSnSX (X = Cl or Br) with Neutral Layers: Syntheses, Structures, and Photocatalytic Properties.

Inorganic chalcohalides are attracting a tremendous amount of attention because of their remarkable structural variety and desirable physical properties. Although great advances have been made in recent years, functional inorganic chalcohalides with two-dimensional neutral layers are still rare. Herein, two novel chalcohalides CdSnSX (X = Cl or Br) with high yields were obtained by reacting CdX with SnS using a traditional solid-state method at 823 K.

Follow-up results of microendoscopic discectomy compared to day surgery using percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation.

Background: Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) is satisfactory for hospitalized patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Currently, only a few studies have reported about the day surgery patients undergoing PELD.

Methods: A total of 267 patients with LDH underwent PELD during day surgery and were followed up for at least 3 years.

Mental health-related stigma and attitudes toward patient care among providers of mental health services in a rural Chinese county.

Background And Aims: The increasing prevalence of mental illness and low treatment rate presents a pressing public health issue in China. Pervasive stigma is a significant barrier to mental health recovery and community inclusion. In particular, stigmatizing or supportive attitudes held by healthcare providers could either perpetuate or mitigate self-stigma of people with mental illness.

Self-assembly preparation of lignin-graphene oxide composite nanospheres for highly efficient Cr(vi) removal.

Recently, research interest in the application of lignin is growing, especially as adsorbent material. However, single lignin shows unsatisfactory adsorption performance, and thus, construction of lignin-based nanocomposites is worth considering. Herein, we introduced graphene oxide (GO) into lignin to form lignin/GO (LGNs) composite nanospheres by a self-assembly method.

The impact of quarantine on mental health status among general population in China during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Quarantine and isolation measures urgently adopted to control the COVID-19 pandemic might potentially have negative psychological and social effects. We conducted this cross-sectional, nationwide study to ascertain the psychological effect of quarantine and identify factors associated with mental health outcomes among population quarantined to further inform interventions of mitigating mental health risk especially for vulnerable groups under pandemic conditions. Sociodemographic data, attitudes toward the COVID-19, and mental health measurements of 56,679 participants from 34 provinces in China were collected by an online survey from February 28 to March 11, 2020.

Catalyst-free generation of acyl radicals induced by visible light in water to construct C-N bonds.

We describe herein a catalyst-free and redox-neutral photochemical strategy for the direct generation of acyl radicals from α-diketones, and its selective conversion of nitrosoarenes to hydroxyamides or amides with AcOH or NaCl as an additive. The reaction was carried out under mild conditions in water with purple LEDs as the light source. A broad scope of substrates was demonstrated.

Stigma of mental illness and cultural factors in Pacific Rim region: a systematic review.

Background: Although cultural factors play a crucial role in experience of stigma, there is scant review on the impact and importance of culture on stigma of mental illness across Pacific Rim Region. This study aims to investigate: 1) the cultural factors related to stigmatizing beliefs about mental illness in Pacific Rim region, and 2) culture-specific measures and interventions on stigma of mental illness.

Methods: A systematic search of papers was conducted in the MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Google scholar through January 2003 to April 2019.

C(sp)-H Monoarylation of Methanol Enabled by a Bidentate Auxiliary.

With the assistance of a practical directing group (COAQ), the first catalytic protocol for the palladium-catalyzed C(sp)-H monoarylation of methanol has been developed, offering an invaluable synthesis means to establish extensive derivatives of crucial arylmethanol functional fragments. Furthermore, the gram-scale reaction, broad substrate scope, excellent functional group compatibility, and even the practical synthesis of medicines further demonstrate the usefulness of this strategy.

miR-222 Suppresses Immature Porcine Sertoli Cell Growth by Targeting the Gene Through Inactivating the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway.

Sertoli cells are central and essential coordinators of spermatogenesis. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that miRNAs participate in the regulation of Sertoli cell growth. However, the functions and the regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs in Sertoli cells of domestic animals remain largely unknown.

Co-Delivery of Docetaxel and Curcumin via Nanomicelles for Enhancing Anti-Ovarian Cancer Treatment.

Introductions: Ovarian cancer is a stubborn malignancy of gynecological system with a high mortality rate. Docetaxel (DTX), the second-generation of anti-tumor drug Taxane, has shown superior efficacy over classic paclitaxel (PTX) in certain cancers. However, its clinical application is hindered by poor bioavailability.

The impacts of COVID-19 outbreak on mental health in general population in different areas in China.

Background: This study aimed to explore the impacts of COVID-19 outbreak on mental health status in general population in different affected areas in China.

Methods: This was a comparative study including two groups of participants: (1) general population in an online survey in Ya'an and Jingzhou cities during the COVID-19 outbreak from 10-20 February 2020; and (2) matching general population selected from the mental health survey in Ya'an in 2019 (from January to May 2019). General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) were used.

Basic principles for the development of an AI-based tool for assistive technology decision making.

Introduction: The impact of assistive technology use on the lives of people with disabilities has long been demonstrated in the literature. Despite the need for assistive technologies, and a wealth of innovative, afford-able, and accessible products, a low rate of assistive technology uptake is globally maintained. One of the reasons for this gap is related to data and knowledge formation and management.

Characterization of a Murine Model for Infection after Dexamethasone Immunosuppression.

Background: () belongs to a group of opportunistic pathogens called microsporidia. Microsporidia infection symptoms vary and include diarrhea, ocular disorders and systemic inflammations. Traditionally, immunodeficient animals were used to study microsporidia infection.

The mediating role of knowledge on the contact and stigma of mental illness in Hong Kong.

Background: Although knowledge is a crucial component in contact theory delineating how prejudice changes toward out-groups with stigmatized conditions, little is known about the mediating role of knowledge on contact, stigmatizing attitudes, and behaviors toward mental illness.

Aim: This study aimed to examine the mechanism underlie contact and stigma change by knowledge.

Methods: A total of 366 participants including family members (FM), mental health providers (MHP), and community residents (CR) recruited across communities in Hong Kong and completed measures of contact level, contact quantity, contact quality, mental health related knowledge, prejudice, and discriminatory behaviors.

Early Pleistocene pollen record from the western Chinese Loess Plateau and its implications for the evolution of the East Asian Summer Monsoon.

The East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) is the most important and active atmospheric circulation system in Asia. However, its evolution during the Early Pleistocene, and that evolution's associated drivers, remain controversial. Here, for the first time, a high resolution pollen record was obtained from a loess-paleosol sequence located in the Lanzhou Basin, western Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP), and used to reconstruct the evolution of EASM intensity during the Early Pleistocene (2.

The immune and metabolic changes with age in giant panda blood by combined transcriptome and DNA methylation analysis.

Giant panda () is an endangered mammalian species. Exploring immune and metabolic changes that occur in giant pandas with age is important for their protection. In this study, we systematically investigated the physiological and biochemical indicators in blood, as well as the transcriptome, and methylation profiles of young, adult, and old giant pandas.

Mental health services for infectious disease outbreaks including COVID-19: a rapid systematic review.

The upsurge in the number of people affected by the COVID-19 is likely to lead to increased rates of emotional trauma and mental illnesses. This article systematically reviewed the available data on the benefits of interventions to reduce adverse mental health sequelae of infectious disease outbreaks, and to offer guidance for mental health service responses to infectious disease pandemic. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO, WHO Global Research Database on infectious disease, and the preprint server medRxiv were searched.

An epidemiological survey of mental disorders 5 years after the Lushan earthquake in Ya'an, China.

Purpose: This study aimed to (1) explore the prevalence and relevant influencing factors of different mental disorders 5 years after the Lushan earthquake in Ya'an, China.

Methods: An epidemiological mental health survey was conducted to identify the prevalence of mental disorders in general population in Ya'an. A multi-stage, group-matching random sampling method was adopted.

Dose-Dependent Effects of Dietary Xylooligosaccharides Supplementation on Microbiota, Fermentation and Metabolism in Healthy Adult Cats.

In order to investigate the effect and appropriate dose of prebiotics, this study evaluated the effect of two levels of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) in cats. Twenty-four healthy adult cats were divided into three groups: no-XOS control diet with 1% cellulose; low XOS supplementation (LXOS) with 0.04% XOS and 0.

Selective optogenetic activation of orexinergic terminals in the basal forebrain and locus coeruleus promotes emergence from isoflurane anaesthesia in rats.

Background: The neuropeptide orexin promotes arousal from general anaesthesia, however the neuronal circuits that mediate this effect have not been defined. We investigated whether orexinergic neurones modulate the basal forebrain (BF) and locus coeruleus (LC) in emergence from anaesthesia.

Methods: Hcrt rats were generated using a CRISPR/Cas9-based approach.