Synthesis and Characterization of Optically Transparent and Electrically Conductive Mo-Doped ZnO, F-Doped ZnO, and Mo/F-Codoped ZnO Thin Films via Aerosol-Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition.

Mo-doped ZnO (MZO), F-doped ZnO (FZO), and Mo/F-codoped ZnO (MFZO) films have been deposited using a simple, cheap, and effective thin-film preparation route, aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition (AACVD). ZnO was successfully doped with Mo and/or F, confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and by a decrease in unit cell parameters from X-ray diffraction (XRD). XRD also confirmed that all of the films had hexagonal wurtzite ZnO structures.

Price bubbles and Co-bubbles in the green economy market.

In light of growing concerns about climate change and environmental issues, investor interest has surged in the new green economy market. However, the existing literature is limited regarding potential price bubbles and co-bubbles within this new domain. This study examines price bubbles and co-bubbles in the new green economy market, covering 31 indexes classified into three groups: the green economy market and its components, geographical regions, and sectors.

Safety of Rituximab biosimilar (Riximyo®) following a single switch from the reference product in patients with Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a retrospective study.

Unlike small molecule drugs and generic products, the active component of biologics and biosimilars are not identical chemical entities. Despite bioequivalence, there is limited evidence in clinical practice (i.e.

Indels allow antiviral proteins to evolve functional novelty inaccessible by missense mutations.

Antiviral proteins often evolve rapidly at virus-binding interfaces to defend against new viruses. We investigated whether antiviral adaptation via missense mutations might face limits, which insertion or deletion mutations (indels) could overcome. We report one such case of a nearly insurmountable evolutionary challenge: the human anti-retroviral protein TRIM5α requires more than five missense mutations in its specificity-determining v1 loop to restrict a divergent simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV).

Transparent Conductive Titanium and Fluorine Co-doped Zinc Oxide Films.

Aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition (AACVD) was used to deposit highly transparent and conductive titanium or fluorine-doped and titanium-fluorine co-doped ZnO thin films on glass substrate at 450 °C. All films were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron spectroscopy (SEM), and four-point probe. The films were 600-680 nm thick, crystalline, and highly transparent (80-87 %).

A neural network potential based on pairwise resolved atomic forces and energies.

Molecular simulations have become a key tool in molecular and materials design. Machine learning (ML)-based potential energy functions offer the prospect of simulating complex molecular systems efficiently at quantum chemical accuracy. In previous work, we have introduced the ML-based PairF-Net approach to neural network potentials, that adopts a pairwise interatomic scheme to predicting forces within a molecular system.

Evaluation of Photocatalytic, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Efficacy of Almond Oil Capped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles.

In this study, ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized in the presence of almond oil at various molar ratios of zinc acetate and sodium hydroxide, including 0.5:1, 0.75:1, 1:1, 1.

Vaccine Hesitancy: Contemporary Issues and Historical Background.

Vaccination, despite being recognized as one of the most effective primary public health measures, is viewed as unsafe and unnecessary by an increasing number of individuals. Anxiety about vaccines and vaccination programs leading to vaccine hesitancy results from a complex mix of social and political influences, cultural and religious beliefs, the availability of and ability to interpret health and scientific information, and personal and population experiences of health systems and government policies. Vaccine hesitancy is becoming a serious threat to vaccination programs, and was identified as one of the World Health Organization's top ten global health threats in 2019.

The Association between Circulating Branched Chain Amino Acids and the Temporal Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: Recent studies have concluded that elevated circulating branched chain amino acids (BCAA) are associated with the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. However, the development of this association over time and the quantification of the strength of this association for individual BCAAs prior to T2DM diagnosis remains unexplored. Methods: A systematic search was conducted using the Healthcare Databases Advance Search (HDAS) via the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) website.

Exploring the Nexus Between Mindfulness, Gratitude, and Wellbeing Among Youth With the Mediating Role of Hopefulness: A South Asian Perspective.

This study investigates the relationship between mindfulness, gratitude, and psychological wellbeing of young individuals in Pakistan with the potential role of hopefulness as a mediator between mindfulness, gratitude, and wellbeing. Data were collected from young individuals (18-40 years old) from Pakistan. A total sample of 500 participants was collected by employing the online survey questionnaire, and 374 questionnaires were duly filled and returned.

Effects of circadian rhythm on anaerobic performance and blood lactate level: a systematic review.

Purpose: Circadian rhythm affects maximal short-term performance, and it is an important determinant of the training component. This review aimed to summarise the influence of circadian rhythm on peak and mean power output of muscle, fatigue index, and blood lactate levels.

Methods: English language articles were searched through the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, and pertinent randomized control trials were scrutinized.

A Narrative Review of COVID-19 Vaccines.

The COVID-19 pandemic has shaken the world since early 2020 and its health, social, economic, and societal negative impacts at the global scale have been catastrophic. Since the early days of the pandemic, development of safe and effective vaccines was judged to be the best possible tool to minimize the effects of this pandemic. Drastic public health measures were put into place to stop the spread of the virus, with the hope that vaccines would be available soon.

Vaccines and vaccination: history and emerging issues.

Prophylactic vaccines are crucial in modern healthcare and have been used successfully to combat bacterial and viral infectious diseases. Infections like polio and smallpox, which were dreaded historically, and which devastated the human race over many centuries, are now rare. Smallpox has been eradicated completely and polio is nearly eradicated because of vaccines.

Indicators of response to exercise training: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Means-based analysis of maximal rate of oxygen consumption (VO) has traditionally been used as the exercise response indicator to assess the efficacy of endurance (END), high intensity interval (HIIT) and resistance exercise training (RET) for improving cardiorespiratory fitness and whole-body health. However, considerable heterogeneity exists in the interindividual variability response to the same or different training modalities.

Objectives: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate exercise response rates in the context of VO: (1) in each training modality (END, HIIT and RET) versus controls, (2) in END versus either HIIT or RET and (3) exercise response rates as measured by VO versus other indicators of positive exercise response in each exercise modality.

A Novel Dietary Intervention Reduces Circulatory Branched-Chain Amino Acids by 50%: A Pilot Study of Relevance for Obesity and Diabetes.

Elevated circulating branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs; isoleucine, leucine, and valine) are associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Reducing circulatory BCAAs by dietary restriction was suggested to mitigate these risks in rodent models, but this is a challenging paradigm to deliver in humans. We aimed to design and assess the feasibility of a diet aimed at reducing circulating BCAA concentrations in humans, while maintaining energy balance and overall energy/protein intake.

The protein corona determines the cytotoxicity of nanodiamonds: implications of corona formation and its remodelling on nanodiamond applications in biomedical imaging and drug delivery.

The use of nanodiamonds for biomedical and consumer applications is growing rapidly. As their use becomes more widespread, so too do concerns around their cytotoxicity. The cytotoxicity of nanodiamonds correlates with their cellular internalisation and circulation time in the body.

Prescription of compounded ophthalmic medications-a pharmacy perspective.

Compounded ophthalmic products can be helpful for a small number of patients who cannot use a commercially available product or for whom no commercially available product exists. Extemporaneous preparation of medicines for the eye is considered complex compounding and is best undertaken by pharmacists with the appropriate facilities and equipment to ensure a sterile product. When dispensing, the pharmacist evaluates medication appropriateness, effectiveness and safety for each individual patient.

Biological impact of nanodiamond particles - label free, high-resolution methods for nanotoxicity assessment.

Current methods for the assessment of nanoparticle safety that are based on 2D cell culture models and fluorescence-based assays show limited sensitivity and they lack biomimicry. Consequently, the health risks associated with the use of many nanoparticles have not yet been established. There is a need to develop models that mimic physiology more accurately and enable high throughput assessment.

Biospectroscopy of Nanodiamond-Induced Alterations in Conformation of Intra- and Extracellular Proteins: A Nanoscale IR Study.

The toxicity of nanomaterials raises major concerns because of the impact that nanomaterials may have on health, which remains poorly understood. We need to explore the fate of individual nanoparticles in cells at nano and molecular levels to establish their safety. Conformational changes in secondary protein structures are one of the main indicators of impaired biological function, and hence, the ability to identify these changes at a nanoscale level offers unique insights into the nanotoxicity of materials.

Kavain, the Major Constituent of the Anxiolytic Kava Extract, Potentiates GABAA Receptors: Functional Characteristics and Molecular Mechanism.

Extracts of the pepper plant kava (Piper methysticum) are effective in alleviating anxiety in clinical trials. Despite the long-standing therapeutic interest in kava, the molecular target(s) of the pharmacologically active constituents, kavalactones have not been established. γ-Aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAARs) are assumed to be the in vivo molecular target of kavalactones based on data from binding assays, but evidence in support of a direct interaction between kavalactones and GABAARs is scarce and equivocal.

Lorentz contact resonance spectroscopy for nanoscale characterisation of structural and mechanical properties of biological, dental and pharmaceutical materials.

Scanning probe microscopy has been widely used to obtain topographical information and to quantify nanostructural properties of different materials. Qualitative and quantitative imaging is of particular interest to study material-material interactions and map surface properties on a nanoscale (i.e.

Kavalactone metabolism in rat liver microsomes.

The specific CYP enzymes involved in kavalactone (KLT) metabolism and their kinetics have not been fully examined. This study used rat liver microsomes (RLM) to determine kavain (KA), methysticin (MTS) and desmethoxyyangonin (DMY) enzyme kinetic parameters, to elucidate the major CYP450 isoforms involved in KLT metabolism and to examine gender differences in KLT metabolism. Formation of the major KLT metabolites was first-order, consistent with classic enzyme kinetics.

Macrophage depletion ameliorates kavalactone damage in the isolated perfused rat liver.

Liver toxicity is a side effect observed with some herbal treatments, including Piper methysticum. The possible mechanisms responsible include inflammation subsequent to activation of liver macrophages and oxidative damage. Hepatotoxicity of the pharmacologically active component of Piper methysticum (kavalactones) was tested in isolated, perfused livers from rats which were pretreated with the macrophage intoxicant gadolinium chloride.

Kavalactone metabolism in the isolated perfused rat liver.

Metabolic pathways for kavalactone metabolism in humans and rats have been identified, but more detailed description of the enzyme kinetics involved is lacking. The disposition profiles of three of the six major kavalactones (kavain, methysticin and desmethoxyyangonin) and their respective metabolites (p-hydroxykavain, m,p-dihydroxykavain and p-hydroxy-5,6-dehydrokavain) were examined in the perfusate and bile of the isolated perfused rat liver. The metabolism of the kavalactones is first-order in nature with similar decay half-lives.

Are mould hepatotoxins responsible for kava hepatotoxicity?

Previous studies with kava components such as kavalactones, pipermethystine and flavokavain B have demonstrated hepatotoxicity from these constituents. Regardless, there has recently been speculation that adulterants or impurities such as the mould hepatotoxin aflatoxin are a more likely cause of kava hepatotoxicity, despite a paucity of supporting evidence. Although there is limited similarity between acute kava hepatotoxicity and acute aflatoxicosis, and background levels of aflatoxin have been detected in kava samples, unless epidemiological investigations can uncover direct evidence implicating mould hepatotoxins, it remains more likely that chemical constituents of kava are the cause of the hepatotoxicity from kava.