Chemical characterization, source identification and potential health effects of PM-bound non-polar organic compounds over a COALESCE network site - Bhopal, India.

Year-long (2019) measurements of carbonaceous aerosols were performed at Bhopal, a regionally representative site as a part of the COALESCE (Carbonaceous Aerosol Emissions, Source apportionment and Climate Impacts) campaign. Aerosol-associated non-polar organic compounds (NPOCs) were analysed using thermal desorption (TD) Gas chromatography/Mass spectrometry (TD-GC/MS). The annual average of the total organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and analysed PAHs (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons), and n-alkanes were, 9.

PM carbonaceous components and mineral dust at a COALESCE network site - Bhopal, India: Assessing the impacts of COVID-19 lockdowns on site-specific optical properties.

Thermal elemental carbon (EC), optical black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), mineral dust (MD), and 7-wavelength optical attenuation of 24-hour ambient PM samples were measured/estimated at a regionally representative site (Bhopal, central India) during a business-as-usual year (2019) and the COVID-19 lockdowns year (2020). This dataset was used to estimate the influence of emissions source reductions on the optical properties of light-absorbing aerosols. During the lockdown period, the concentration of EC, OC, BC, and PM increased by 70 % ± 25 %, 74 % ± 20 %, 91 % ± 6 %, and 34 % ± 24 %, respectively, while MD concentration decreased by 32 % ± 30 %, compared to the same time period in 2019.

Reassessing the availability of crop residue as a bioenergy resource in India: A field-survey based study.

Second-generation bioenergy, a carbon neutral or negative renewable resource, is crucial to achieving India's net-zero emission targets. Crop residues are being targeted as a bioenergy resource as they are otherwise burned on-field, leading to significant pollutant emissions. But estimating their bioenergy potential is problematic because of broad assumptions about their surplus fractions.

Characterization of fine particulate matter water-soluble inorganic ions and estimation of aerosol acidity at three COALESCE network sites - Mysuru, Bhopal, and Mesra - in India.

The study was carried out to understand the chemical, spatiotemporal characteristics of water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs), their association with PM mass, and aerosol acidity in three COALESCE (carbonaceous aerosol emissions, source apportionment, and climate impacts) network sites of India (Mesra - Eastern India, Bhopal - Central India and Mysuru - Southern India). Alternate-day 24-h integrated bulk PM samples were collected during 2019 along with on-site meteorological parameters. Annual average PM concentrations were 67 ± 46 µg m, 54 ± 47 µg m, and 30 ± 24 µg m at Mesra, Bhopal, and Mysuru, respectively.

PM carbonaceous components and mineral dust at a COALESCE network site - Bhopal, India: Estimating site-specific optical characteristics.

Atmospheric PM thermal elemental carbon (EC), optical black carbon (BC), brown carbon (BrC), and mineral dust (MD) were characterized during a field campaign at a regionally representative site (Bhopal, central India) all year-long during 2019. In this study, the optical characteristics of PM during 'EC-rich', 'OC-rich', and 'MD-rich' days were used in a three-component model to estimate site-specific Absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) and absorption coefficient (b) of light-absorbing PM constituents. The AAE for 'EC-rich', 'OC-rich', and 'MD-rich' days were 1.

Pollution characteristics and ecological risks of trace elements in PM over three COALESCE network sites - Bhopal, Mesra, and Mysuru, India.

Time-synchronized, 24 h integrated PM trace element (TE) measurements made as a part of the COALESCE project (Venkataraman et al., 2020) at Bhopal, Mesra, and Mysore during all of 2019 were analyzed in this study. The concentrations of 15 key elements ranged between 0.

Wintertime aerosol properties of urban desert region of western India: Implications in regional climate assessment.

This study assessed the inter-relation between physiochemical and optical characteristics of aerosols measured at a desert-urban region affected by anthropogenic sources and desert dust during October 2020 to January 2021. Based on horizontal visibility and measured PM concentration, clear (37 %), light (33 %) and high (31 %) pollution periods were identified. Elemental and organic carbon (50 ± 15 μgm 31 %) and secondary inorganics (53 ± 21 μgm; 33 %) dominated the PM mass (160 ± 4 μgm) during high pollution period with low dust (14 ± 7 μgm; 8 %) content.

Tracing the predominant sources of carbon in PM using δC values together with OC/EC and select inorganic ions over two COALESCE locations.

As part of the COALESCE (Carbonaceous Aerosol Emissions, Source apportionment and Climate Impacts) campaign, ambient PM was collected at two regional sites (Bhopal and Mysuru) in India during 2019. We utilized organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) and water-soluble inorganic ions together with δC values, to better understand total carbon (TC) sources at these locations. The annual average δC values (-26.

Evaluation of organic aerosol filter sampling artefacts and implications to gravimetric PM mass at a COALESCE network site - Bhopal, India.

Filter based PM samples are typically used to measure its chemical constituents. Such measurements are made in dense sampling networks to assess regulatory compliance and for source apportionment. Thus, quantifying sampling artefacts is crucial.

Physical, chemical and optical properties of PM and gaseous emissions from cooking with biomass fuel in the Indo-Gangetic Plain.

The current study was designed to capture real-world cooking process-wise emissions generated by the combustion of mixed biomass fuel in traditional mud cookstoves in rural kitchens of the north Indian state of Uttar-Pradesh during regular meal preparations. Combustion characteristics, including modified combustion efficiency, thermal efficiency and burn rate, were examined to understand their relationship with emissions. Variations were observed in emission factors (EFs) of PM, trace gases, namely CO, CO, NO and SO for different cooking processes.

Assessment of PM and PM over Ghaziabad, an industrial city in the Indo-Gangetic Plain: spatio-temporal variability and associated health effects.

This study examined the PM and PM concentration, associated mortality, and transport pathways in Ghaziabad which is an industrial city in the Indo-Gangetic Plain. To achieve this, PM (both PM and PM) and meteorological parameters were measured from June 2018 to May 2019 at 2 locations and analyzed together with data from a 3rd location in Ghaziabad. The highest daily average PM and PM concentrations were ~ 1000 µg m and ~ 450 µg m, respectively.

Concentrations, transport characteristics, and health risks of PM-bound trace elements over a national park in central India.

Fine particulate matter (PM) mass and its chemical constituents were measured over Van Vihar National Park (VVNP) in Bhopal, central India. Fine PM collected over two years onto Teflon filters using a Mini-Vol® sampler were analyzed for trace elements using an Energy Dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) spectrometer. The temporal behaviour, dry deposition fluxes and transport pathways of elements, in addition to their health risks were examined in this study.

Size-segregated chemical source profiles and potential health impacts of multiple sources of fugitive dust in and around Bhopal, central India.

PM and PM fugitive dust samples from multiple sources (construction, demolition, industrial, agricultural fields, and bare ground) were collected in triplicate for each size bin, from 18 distinct locations in and around Bhopal, central India. The dust samples were dried, sieved, and re-suspended in a chamber fitted with a suitable sampling system, to collect PM and PM samples onto Teflon and Quartz filters. The filters were subjected to gravimetric and chemical analyses.

Population exposure across central India to PM derived using remotely sensed products in a three-stage statistical model.

Surface PM concentrations are required for exposure assessment studies. Remotely sensed Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) has been used to derive PM where ground data is unavailable. However, two key challenges in estimating surface PM from AOD using statistical models are (i) Satellite data gaps, and (ii) spatio-temporal variability in AOD-PM relationships.

Correction to: Chemical characterization of PM aerosol in Delhi and source apportionment using positive matrix factorization.

The correct 1st Author name is Jai Prakash.

Weight-of-evidence approach to identify regionally representative sites for air-quality monitoring network: Satellite data-based analysis.

The methodology discussed in Lekinwala et al., 2020, hereinafter referred to as the 'parent article', is used to setup a nation-wide network for background PM measurement at strategic locations, optimally placing sites to obtain maximum regionally representative PM concentrations with minimum number of sites. Traditionally, in-situ PM measurements are obtained for several potential sites and compared to identify the most regionally representative sites [4], Wongphatarakul et al.

Source apportionment of fine particulate matter over a National Park in Central India.

PM mass and chemical constituents were measured over Van Vihar National Park (VVNP), a forested location within Bhopal. Positive Matrix Factorization (USEPA PMF5) was applied to two-year long (2012 and 2013) measurements of PM chemical species including water-soluble inorganic ions, organic, pyrolitic, and elemental carbon, and trace elements for the quantitative apportionment of PM mass. The model resolved seven factors.

A note on unusual Si/Al ratios in PM and PM road dust at several locations in India.

The Si/Al ratios in road dust (PM and/or PM) at several locations in India were examined and found to range between 1.6 and 84.9.

PM and PM chemical source profiles with optical attenuation and health risk indicators of paved and unpaved road dust in Bhopal, India.

Size classified (PM and PM) paved and unpaved road dust chemical source profiles, optical attenuation and potential health risk from exposure to these sources are reported in this study. A total of 45 samples from 9 paved road and 6 unpaved road sites located in and around Bhopal were re-suspended in the laboratory, collected onto filter substrates and subjected to a variety of chemical analyses. In general, road dust was enriched (compared to upper continental crustal abundance) in anthropogenic pollutants including Sb, Cu, Zn, Co, and Pb.

Chemical characterization of PM aerosol in Delhi and source apportionment using positive matrix factorization.

Fine aerosol fraction (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <= 1.0 μm (PM)) over the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi campus was monitored day and night (10 h each) at 30 m height from November 2009 to March 2010. The samples were analyzed for 5 ions (NH, NO, SO, F, and Cl) and 12 trace elements (Na, K, Mg, Ca, Pb, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, Cd, Cr, and Ni).

Novel structurally tuned DAMN receptor for "in situ" diagnosis of bicarbonate in environmental waters.

A new diaminomalenonitrile (DAMN) based charge transfer (CT) chromophore has been designed and synthesized. The receptor demonstrates highly specific and prompt bicarbonate anion (HCO3(-)) sensing in aqueous solution. Interaction with HCO3(-) triggers facile CT across the system, and enables the in situ recognition of water soluble carbonates.

First measurements of ambient aerosol over an ecologically sensitive zone in Central India: Relationships between PM2.5 mass, its optical properties, and meteorology.

PM2.5 mass and its optical properties were measured over an ecologically sensitive zone in Central India between January and December, 2012. Meteorological parameters including temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, wind direction, and barometric pressure were also monitored.

Airborne black carbon concentrations over an urban region in western India-temporal variability, effects of meteorology, and source regions.

This study characterizes over 5 years of high time resolution (5 min), airborne black carbon (BC) concentrations (July 2003 to December 2008) measured over Ahmedabad, an urban region in western India. The data were used to obtain different time averages of BC concentrations, and these averages were then used to assess the diurnal, seasonal, and annual variability of BC over the study region. Assessment of diurnal variations revealed a strong association between BC concentrations and vehicular traffic.

Source apportionment of the ionic components in precipitation over an urban region in Western India.

Introduction: Inorganic ion concentrations in event-based wet-only precipitation samples collected during the south-west (SW) monsoon at an urban location in Western India, Ahmedabad between July 2000 and September 2002 were measured by Rastogi and Sarin (2007).

Methods: For the first time at a location in India, an advanced factor analysis model was retrospectively applied to the measured concentrations of ions (Rastogi and Sarin 2007) in precipitation for source apportionment. Positive matrix factorization resolved five factors, including crustal material, sea salt, nitrate/sulfate-rich factor, ammonium-rich factor, and free acidity.