-mediated clonal hematopoiesis modestly improves neurological deficits and is associated with inflammation resolution in the subacute phase of experimental stroke.

Introduction: Recent work has revealed that clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is associated with a higher risk of numerous age-related diseases, including ischemic stroke, however little is known about whether it influences stroke outcome independent of its widespread effects on cardiovascular disease. Studies suggest that leukocytes carrying CH driver mutations have an enhanced inflammatory profile, which could conceivably exacerbate brain injury after a stroke.

Methods: Using a competitive bone marrow transplant model of -mediated CH, we tested the hypothesis that CH would lead to a poorer outcome after ischemic stroke by augmenting brain inflammation.

Modelling the Banni social-ecological system using participatory system dynamics for building insights on invasive species management and stakeholder engagement.

Invasive species are a significant driver of environmental change in social-ecological systems (SES) globally. Given that SES are inherently complex adaptive systems (CAS), they continuously reorganize themselves and adapt to change, including changes in ecological composition, as well as in associated lives and livelihoods. Decision-making on invasive species management in such systems can be contested and fraught with tradeoffs.

Impact of Upright Position during the First Stage of Labour on Maternal Outcomes: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Maternal position during delivery can affect the physiology of labour and the mechanics of childbirth.

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the impact of an upright position during the first stage of labour on maternal outcomes.

Methods: This parallel group randomised control trial was conducted from April to June 2020 among 60 women (30 each in the experimental and control groups) admitted to the selected hospital in Punjab, India.

Regulatory landscape, risks, and solutions for refurbished medical devices: a comparative analysis in the US, EU, Malaysia, and Ghana.

Introduction: Refurbished medical devices are previously owned equipment that undergo a process of restoration to ensure they meet quality standards and function effectively. The utilization of refurbished medical devices, coupled with the integration of software, poses intricate challenges in terms of regulatory compliance, risk management, and patient safety.

Areas Covered: This article explores the regulatory frameworks governing refurbished medical devices in the United States (US), the European Union (EU), Malaysia, and Ghana.

A comparative study of medical device regulation between countries based on their economies.

Introduction: Medical devices play a crucial role in healthcare, addressing the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of various medical conditions. This study conducts a comprehensive analysis of medical device regulations across nations, considering the economic contexts of diverse countries.

Areas Covered: The research involves a comparative examination of medical device regulations, dissecting unique frameworks in countries like the United States (US), European Union (EU), India, and Africa.

Preferences, Acceptability and Usage of Mobile Health Applications Among Undergraduate Nursing Students: A Multisite, Cross-Sectional Survey.

Introduction And Objective: Mobile health applications (mHealth) can bring revolutionary changes to health care by making it more accessible, cost-effective, and efficient. The successful adoption of mHealth is largely determined by its acceptance by providers and end users. The acceptance of mHealth among nursing students, who are the future nurses, needs to be understood.

Unveiling the therapeutic potential of a mutated paraoxonase 2 in diabetic retinopathy: Defying glycation, mitigating oxidative stress, ER stress and inflammation.

Paraoxonase 2 (PON2) is an intracellular anti-oxidant protein ubiquitously expressed in all cells and reduces reactive oxygen species, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, further improves mitochondrial function and thereby shows anti-apoptotic function. In diabetes and its complications this PON gets glycated and becomes in effective. The PON activity is reported to be reduced in diabetic retinopathy and we have earlier showed Carboxy methyl lysine (AGE) decreased PON2 expression and activity in Human retinal endothelial cells (HREC) .

Paraneoplastic Syndromes Associated with Gynecologic Neoplasms: Experience from a Tertiary Care Center in South India.

Surabhi SudhakaranParaneoplastic syndromes associated with gynecologic neoplasms are rare and can involve various organ systems including the central nervous system, hematopoietic system, musculoskeletal, dermal and endocrine systems. They can result from cancer-associated immune reactions or the production of ectopic substances by the tumor tissue. This study retrospectively reviews the clinical presentations, management and outcome of patients who presented with paraneoplastic syndromes associated with gynecologic malignancies.

Prolactin Inhibition in Peripartum Cardiomyopathy: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Heart failure (HF) is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality and morbidity in the United States. Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) constitutes up to 70% of all HF in pregnancy. Cardiac angiogenic imbalance caused by cleaved 16kDa prolactin has been hypothesized to contribute to the development of PPCM, fueling investigation of prolactin inhibitors for the management of PPCM.

Manual vs. mechanical ventilation in patients with advanced airway during CPR.

Early chest compressions and rapid defibrillation are important components of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). American heart association (AHA) recommends two breaths to be delivered for every 30 compressions for an adult cardiac arrest victim. Patient with an advanced airway like endotracheal tube (ETT) should be given one breath every 6 s without interruptions in chest compression (10 breaths per minute).

Paraoxonase 2 protects against the CML mediated mitochondrial dysfunction through modulating JNK pathway in human retinal cells.

Background: Paraoxonase 2 (PON2) a known anti-apoptotic protein, has not been explored against N-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in human retinal cells. Hence this present study aims to investigate the potential role of PON2 in mitigating CML-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in these cells.

Methods: PON2 protein was quantified in HRECs (Human retinal endothelial cells), ARPE-19 (Retinal pigment epithelial cells) cells upon CML treatment and also in cadaveric diabetic retina vs respective controls.

Exogenous administration of hydrogen sulfide alleviates homocysteine induced inflammation in ARPE-19 cells.

Plasma homocysteine (Hcy) is an independent risk factor for Age related macular degeneration (AMD) and an inducer of inflammation. Homocysteine catabolism releases hydrogen sulfide (HS). HS has controversial effects on inflammation.

A Randomized Clinical Trial of Levonorgestrel Intrauterine System with or without Metformin for Treatment of Endometrial Hyperplasia without Atypia in Indian Women.

Background: Endometrial cancer is the second most frequent genital malignancy in women, which is showing a constant rise all over world. Endometrial hyperplasia is the precursor of endometrial cancer. Levonorgestrel intrauterine system is the first line management in patients with endometrial hyperplasia without atypia.

Current concepts and clinical importance of glycemic variability.

Background And Aims: Evolving evidence indicate that variations in blood glucose levels are likely to be an important factor in developing diabetic complications. Monitoring glucose fluctuations in patients remains as a therapeutic challenge and more evidence needs to be created in order to bring GV into limelight. This review encapsulates the most important findings conducted and discusses on them to provide readers a better understanding on this emerging subject.

RAGE silencing deters CML-AGE induced inflammation and TLR4 expression in endothelial cells.

The N-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), the predominant advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in diabetes and its RAGE induced cytokine release has been well explored. But the CML mediated multiple AGEs receptor expression is still not understood and the role played by RAGE silencing in modulating CML generated pro-inflammatory cytokines in micro and macrovascular endothelial cells is yet to be studied. HUVEC and HREC cells were exposed with CML for 24 h.

ERAS protocol with respiratory prehabilitation versus conventional perioperative protocol in elective gastrectomy- a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Several studies have investigated the efficacy of enhanced recovery programs in patients undergoing gastrectomy. The role of prehabilitation in these programs has not been evaluated in this subset of patients. This study incorporated incentive spirometry as a type of respiratory prehabilitation in the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol for gastrectomy.

Positive end-expiratory pressure as a novel method to thwart CO leakage from capnothorax in robotic-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.

Capnography and end tidal CO2 (EtCO2) aids the anaesthesiologist in diagnosing problems during all phases of general anaesthesia. Negative arterial to end-tidal carbon-dioxide gradient during anaesthesia has been reported in various conditions including pregnancy, infants and inadvertent exogenous addition of carbon dioxide (CO2) to the expired gas in case of thoracoscopic procedures with iatrogenic injury to lung parenchyma/bronchial tree. Thus, airway injury or intentional opening of airway as a part of surgical step can be diagnosed using a negative arterial and end tidal CO2 gradient.