Impact of a Mediterranean diet on prevention and management of urologic diseases.

Compared to a Western diet, the Mediterranean diet moves away from red meat and processed foods. Universally regarded as a healthier dietary alternative, the Mediterranean diet has garnered scientific endorsement for its ability to confer an array of compelling benefits. These health benefits encompass not only a lowered incidence of Type 2 diabetes with a reduction in obesity, but also a robust protective effect on cardiovascular health.

Successful bladder-sparing partial cystectomy for muscle-invasive domal urothelial carcinoma with sarcomatoid differentiation: a case report.

High-grade (HG) urothelial carcinoma (UC) with variant histology has historically been managed conservatively. The presented case details a solitary lesion of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) with sarcomatoid variant (SV) histology treated by partial cystectomy (PC) and adjuvant chemotherapy. A 71-year-old male with a 15-pack year smoking history presented after outside transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT).

Utility of noninvasive biomarker testing and MRI to predict a prostate cancer diagnosis.

Purpose: To assess the diagnostic performance and utility of the ExoDx IntelliScore and an OPKO4K score to predict prostate cancer in men presenting with elevated PSA-both as independent predictors and in combination with clinical/MRI characteristics.

Methods: Patients with elevated PSA were retrospectively reviewed. Abnormal tests were defined as an OPKO4K score ≥ 7.

Endophytic upper tract urothelial carcinoma in a solitary kidney treated by cryotherapy: an unorthodox case for successful management.

Background: Nephroureterectomy remains the gold standard treatment for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). Considering the high risk of developing renal function impairment after surgery, the rationale for nephron sparing approaches in treatment of UTUC has been raised. In this case, renal cryoablation was able to achieve successful oncologic control while preserving renal function during 5 years of follow up without intraoperative or post operative complications.

Metabolic diagnoses of recurrent stone formers: temporal, geographic and gender differences.

Background: Metabolic factors underlying the recent increase in stone prevalence over the past decades are not well understood. Herein, we evaluate temporal, geographic and gender-specific trends in metabolic risk factors in recurrent kidney stone formers.

Patients And Methods: A systematic literature review of metabolic risk factors for stone formation was conducted, inclusive of the last four decades.

Rising occurrence of hypocitraturia and hyperoxaluria associated with increasing prevalence of stone disease in calcium kidney stone formers.

Objective: To evaluate metabolic risk factors in calcium kidney stone formers from two different decades, comparing changes in metabolic profiles over time.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed of calcium kidney stone formers who underwent metabolic evaluation of urolithiasis with 24-hour urine collections at a single institution. There were 309 patients evaluated from 1988 to 1994 (Group A), and 229 patients from 2007 to 2010 (Group B).

A California Cancer Registry Analysis of Urothelial and Non-urothelial Bladder Cancer Subtypes: Epidemiology, Treatment, and Survival.

Introduction: We evaluated epidemiologic trends and survival for bladder cancer histologic subtypes in California patients by comparing urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) and non-urothelial subtypes including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), adenocarcinoma (ADC), and small-cell carcinoma (SmCC).

Materials And Methods: The California Cancer Registry (CCR) was queried for incident bladder cancer cases from 1988 to 2012. Epidemiologic trends based on tumor histology were described.

Racial and Socioeconomic Disparities in Bladder Cancer Survival: Analysis of the California Cancer Registry.

Purpose: To examine the California Cancer Registry (CCR) for bladder cancer survival disparities based on race, socioeconomic status (SES), and insurance in California patients.

Patients And Methods: The CCR was queried for bladder cancer cases in California from 1988 to 2012. The primary outcome was disease-specific survival (DSS), defined as the time interval from date of diagnosis to date of death from bladder cancer.

Expression and prognostic utility of PD-L1 in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder.

Objectives: Checkpoint inhibitors are approved for the treatment of urothelial bladder cancer. However, there have been no reports on the prognostic value of programmed-death receptor ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the bladder. We assessed the relationship between PD-L1 expression, clinicopathological features, and oncologic outcomes in bladder SCC.

Antibiotic Utilization Before Endourological Surgery for Urolithiasis: Endourological Society Survey Results.

Introduction: Ureteroscopy (URS) and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) are common procedures performed to treat kidney stones. Despite advances in technology/technique, serious infectious complications can occur. To better understand the preoperative antibiotic administration patterns and adherence to guidelines from the American Urological Association (AUA) and the European Association of Urology (EAU), members of the Endourological Society were sent a clinical vignette-based survey to assess the antibiotic use in a variety of pre-URS and pre-PCNL scenarios.

Pathological characteristics and prognostic indicators of different histopathological types of urinary bladder cancer following radical cystectomy in a large single-center Egyptian cohort.

Objective: To evaluate differences in pathological features and prognostics across four bladder cancer histopathological types: urothelial carcinoma (UC), urothelial carcinoma with variant histology (UCV), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (ADC), utilizing a large cohort of radical cystectomy (RC) patients.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients who underwent RC at a single institution in Egypt between 1997 and 2004 was performed. Kaplan-Meier and multivariable analyses were performed to evaluate the prognostic significance of pathological features including tumor stage, grade, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and lymph node (LN) involvement in the different subtypes on disease-free survival (DFS).

Skin-to-tumor Distance Predicts Treatment Failure of T1A Renal Cell Carcinoma Following Percutaneous Cryoablation.

Objective: To determine the impact of skin-to-tumor (STT) distance on the risk for treatment failure following percutaneous cryoablation (PCA).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent PCA with documented T1a recurrent renal cell carcinoma (RCC) at 2 academic centers between 2005 and 2015. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and perioperative and postoperative course variables were collected.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: Systematic review of clinical characteristics and therapeutic approaches.

Objective: To highlight the current understanding of the epidemiology, clinicopathological characteristics, and management of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the bladder, as it accounts for 2-5% of bladder tumours, with a focus on non-bilharzial-associated SCC (NB-SCC). The standard treatment for bladder SCC remains radical cystectomy (RC). We present an updated clinical profile of bladder SCC and a review of NB-SCC therapeutic approaches, including RC, neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatments, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy.

Effect of tumor location on survival in urinary bladder adenocarcinoma: A population-based analysis.

Purpose: To investigate the prognostic significance of tumor location on survival outcomes in patients with urinary bladder adenocarcinoma (BAC).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed cases of BAC with known tumor location from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database from 1973 to 2012. Data regarding patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and oncological and survival outcomes were collected.

Should metabolic evaluation be performed in patients with struvite stones?

Previous studies suggested that patients with pure struvite calculi rarely have underlying metabolic abnormalities. Therefore, most of these patients do not undergo metabolic studies. We report our experience with these patients and their response to directed medical therapy.

Lymphovascular invasion is associated with oncologic outcomes following radical cystectomy for squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder.

Objective: To evaluate the association of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) with oncologic outcomes of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the urinary bladder following radical cystectomy (RC).

Patients And Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 1,280 patients who underwent RC for invasive bladder cancer between 1997 and 2003 in Mansoura, Egypt. Only patients with pure urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) or SCC pathology were included.

Digital Tomosynthesis: A Viable Alternative to Noncontrast Computed Tomography for the Follow-Up of Nephrolithiasis?

Objective: Digital tomosynthesis (DT) is a new X-ray-based imaging technique that allows image enhancement with minimal increase in radiation exposure. The purpose of this study was to compare DT with noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) and to evaluate its potential role for the follow-up of patients with nephrolithiasis in a nonemergent setting.

Methods: A retrospective review of patients with nephrolithiasis at our institution that underwent NCCT and DT from July 2012 to September 2013 was performed.

Withdrawn: Controversies Related to Diabetes and Risk of Bladder Cancer.

Withdrawn by the publisher.

Cost Comparisons Between Different Techniques of Percutaneous Renal Biopsy for Small Renal Masses.

Purpose: To compare the costs associated with ultrasound (US)-guided hospital-based (UGHB), CT-guided hospital-based (CTG), and US-guided office-based (UGOB) percutaneous renal biopsy (PRB) for small renal masses (SRMs).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patient demographics, tumor characteristics, R.E.

Prevalence of Hyperoxaluria in Urinary Stone Formers: Chronological and Geographical Trends and a Literature Review.

Purpose: To report chronological trends and geographical distributions related to the prevalence of hyperoxaluria in stone-forming patients.

Materials And Methods: We systematically reviewed the existing literature between 1982 and 2013 seeking studies that assessed for hyperoxaluria (>45 mg/day [499.5 μmol/24 hour]) in recurrent stone formers.

Radiation Dosimetry for Ureteroscopy Patients: A Phantom Study Comparing the Standard and Obese Patient Models.

Purpose: To determine the effect of obesity on radiation exposure during simulated ureteroscopy.

Methods: A validated anthropomorphic adult male phantom with a body mass index (BMI) of approximately 24 kg/m(2), was positioned to simulate ureteroscopy. Padding with radiographic characteristics of human fat was placed around the phantom to create an obese model with BMI of 30 kg/m(2).

Applications of three-dimensional printing technology in urological practice.

A rapid expansion in the medical applications of three-dimensional (3D)-printing technology has been seen in recent years. This technology is capable of manufacturing low-cost and customisable surgical devices, 3D models for use in preoperative planning and surgical education, and fabricated biomaterials. While several studies have suggested 3D printers may be a useful and cost-effective tool in urological practice, few studies are available that clearly demonstrate the clinical benefit of 3D-printed materials.

Redefining the Autonomic Nerve Distribution of the Bladder Using 3-Dimensional Image Reconstruction.

Purpose: We sought to create a 3-dimensional reconstruction of the autonomic nervous tissue innervating the bladder using male and female cadaver histopathology.

Materials And Methods: We obtained bladder tissue from a male and a female cadaver. Axial cross sections of the bladder were generated at 3 to 5 mm intervals and stained with S100 protein.

TALL score for prediction of oncological outcomes after radical nephroureterectomy for high-grade upper tract urothelial carcinoma.

Purpose: We created a prognostic tool for the prediction of oncologic outcomes after radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) for high-grade non-metastatic upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC).

Methods: UTUC collaboration was utilized to include 586 patients who underwent RNU for non-metastatic high-grade UTUC. Survival outcomes were compared according to a score defined based on the sum of the independent prognostic variables.

Evaluation of Ignition and Burn Risk Associated with Contemporary Fiberoptic and Distal Sensor Endoscopic Technology.

Purpose: To evaluate the ignition and burn risk associated with contemporary fiberoptic and distal sensor endoscopic technologies.

Materials And Methods: We used new and used SCB Xenon 300 light sources to illuminate a 4.8 mm fiberoptic cable, 10 mm laparoscope, 5 mm laparoscope, rigid cystoscope, semirigid ureteroscope, flexible cystoscope, flexible fiberoptic ureteroscope, distal sensor cystoscope, and a distal sensor ureteroscope (Karl Storz, Inc.