Motivation and personality factors of Generation Z high school students aspiring to study human medicine.

Background: A new generation of medical students, Generation Z (Gen Z), is becoming the predominant population in medical schools and will join the workforce in a few years' time. Medicine has undergone serious changes in high-income countries recently. Therefore, it is unclear how attractive the medical profession still is for high school students of Gen Z.

New mechanistic insights of integrin β1 in breast cancer bone colonization.

Bone metastasis is a frequent and life-threatening complication of breast cancer. The molecular mechanisms supporting the establishment of breast cancer cells in the skeleton are still not fully understood, which may be attributed to the lack of suitable models that interrogate interactions between human breast cancer cells and the bone microenvironment. Although it is well-known that integrins mediate adhesion of malignant cells to bone extracellular matrix, their role during bone colonization remains unclear.

Radiological pitfall: Siliconoma in internal mammary lymph node mimics breast cancer recurrence.

Siliconomas are rarely found in internal mammary lymph nodes in the context of ruptured, ipsilateral, silicone breast implants. However, they can sometimes cause a diagnostic dilemma, as in the presented case. We discuss the diagnostic pitfalls that can arise from misinterpreting a siliconoma for a metastatic lymph node, review the literature, and suggest appropriate diagnostic approaches.

Epstein-Barr virus-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the elderly expresses EBNA3A with conserved CD8 T-cell epitopes.

Post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) arise in the immunosuppressed and are frequently Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) associated. The most common PTLD histological sub-type is diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (EBV+DLBCL-PTLD). Restoration of EBV-specific T-cell immunity can induce EBV+DLBCL-PTLD regression.

Galectin-1 mediated suppression of Epstein-Barr virus specific T-cell immunity in classic Hodgkin lymphoma.

In Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), the malignant Hodgkin Reed-Sternberg cells interact with the host microenvironment to create an immunosuppressive network that protects the lymphoma from immune attack. These mechanisms are not fully understood. We examined the role of the immunomodulatory protein galectin-1 (Gal-1) on Epstein-Barr virus-specific CD8(+) T cell responses in HL.

FGFR1 and WT1 are markers of human prostate cancer progression.

Background: Androgen-independent prostate adenocarcinomas are responsible for about 6% of overall cancer deaths in men.

Methods: We used DNA microarrays to identify genes related to the transition between androgen-dependent and androgen-independent stages in the LuCaP 23.1 xenograft model of prostate adenocarcinoma.

Preoperative systemic chemotherapy does not modify strategy of liver resection.

Background/aims: Most patients who undergo surgical resection of colorectal liver metastases have been previously treated with chemotherapy as adjuvant therapy or as a primary treatment. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare morbidity, mortality, liver function and histology of the liver specimens in patients undergoing colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) resection with and without a history of previous chemotherapy.

Methodology: Records of 210 patients who underwent CRLM resection in our institution between January 1996 and March 2003 were retrospectively reviewed.

Gene expression profiling identifies molecular subgroups among nodal peripheral T-cell lymphomas.

The classification of peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL) is still a matter of debate. To establish a molecular classification of PTCL, we analysed 59 primary nodal T-cell lymphomas using cDNA microarrays, including 56 PTCL and three T-lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL). The expression profiles could discriminate angioimmunoblastic lymphoma, anaplastic large-cell lymphoma and T-LBL.

"Sugar" tumor of the pancreas: a rare entity that is diagnosable on preoperative fine-needle biopsies.

This study is the second to report a pancreatic "sugar" tumor (ST) case. This ST was incidentally discovered in a 31-year-old woman using computed tomography scan (CT scan) for work-up of a hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia. Both CT scan and endoluminal ultrasonography (EUS) features evoked a 15-mm large benign endocrine tumor.

Identification of TCL1A as an immunohistochemical marker of adverse outcome in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas.

We used a combination of DNA-microarray and tissue-microarray (TMA) analyses to identify markers that could be routinely used to predict the outcome of diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma (DLCL) patients. Gene expression profiling was performed using DNA-microarrays on 52 tumour biopsy samples [31 DLCL and 21 follicular lymphomas (FL)] from 48 patients (28 DLCL and 20 FL). T-cell leukemia/lymphoma-1A (TCL1A) mRNA overexpression was correlated with relapse in DLCL patients.

Prognostic significance of angiogenesis evaluated by CD105 expression compared to CD31 in 905 breast carcinomas: correlation with long-term patient outcome.

Our purpose was to determine the respective prognostic significance of CD105 and CD31 immunoexpression in node negative patients with breast carcinoma, since angiogenesis induces blood borne metastases and death in carcinomas. CD105 (endoglin) has been reported as expressed by activated endothelial cells and consequently should better reflect neoangiogenesis in malignant tumors. Comparison of CD31 and CD105 immunocytochemical expression was undertaken in a series of 905 breast carcinomas.

Prediction of metastasis risk (11 year follow-up) using VEGF-R1, VEGF-R2, Tie-2/Tek and CD105 expression in breast cancer (n=905).

Neoangiogenesis in tumours contributes to the development of blood-borne metastases, and can be evaluated by markers of activated endothelial cells in preference to panendothelial markers. Our purpose was to document the prognostic significance of VEGF-R1, VEGF-R2, Tie-2/Tek and CD105 immunoexpression in breast carcinoma frozen samples (n=905, follow-up=11.7 years).

Long-term prognostic significance of neoangiogenesis in breast carcinomas: comparison of Tie-2/Tek, CD105, and CD31 immunocytochemical expression.

The immunocytochemical detection of Tie-2/Tek, CD105, and CD31 was assessed in a large series (n = 905) of breast carcinomas on frozen sections. Results were correlated with patients' long-term outcome (median, 11.7 years) to define the respective prognostic significance of these markers.

[The immunohistochemical expression of CD105 is a marker for high metastatic risk and worse prognosis in breast cancers].

The quantification of angiogenesis in human solid tumors has been shown to be an indicator of prognosis and tumor microvasculature is a candidate target for antiangiogenic therapy. CD105 (endoglin) is significantly expressed in activated endothelial cells in culture and in tumor microvessels. Quantification of CD105 immunocytochemical expression that may be of significant clinical relevance, has not been accurately evaluated as yet.

[Prognostic significance of VEGF receptors, VEGFR-1 (Flt-1) and VEGFR-2 (KDR/Flk-1) in breast carcinoma].

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors, VEGFR-1 (Flt-1) and VEGFR-2 (KDR/Flk-1) in breast carcinoma.

Methods: VEGF receptor expression was investigated using immunohistochemical assays with monoclonal antibodies on frozen sections in a series of 918 patients and was correlated with prognostic parameters and with long-term follow-up (median, 11.3 years).

[Accuracy of intraoperative frozen section diagnosis in non palpable breast lesions: a series of 791 cases].

The aim of this study is to estimate the accuracy and reliability of intraoperative frozen section of nonpalpable breast lesions. In fact, frozen section of palpable breast lesions has proven to be valid, but its use in breast infraclinic lesions has been discussed recently, with the publication of European recommendations. Diagnosis on frozen section was routinely performed in a serie of 791 patients with nonpalpable mammographically detected abnormalities breast lesions from January 1990 through July 2000.

Constitutive nuclear localization and initial cytoplasmic apoptotic activation of endogenous caspase-3 evidenced by confocal microscopy.

The localization of caspases and their substrates in different cellular compartments may be one way to regulate apoptosis. Caspase-3-dependent proteolysis of inhibitor caspase-activated deoxyribonuclease (ICAD) activates caspase-activated deoxyribonuclease (CAD), which induces apoptotic internucleosomal DNA degradation. The nuclear localization of ICAD, pro- and active-caspase-3 molecules remains a controversial issue.

Characterization of Hodgkin's lymphoma-like undifferentiated carcinoma of the nasopharyngeal type as a particular UCNT subtype mimicking Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Undifferentiated carcinoma of the nasopharyngeal type (UCNT) that histologically mimics Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) ("Hodgkin's lymphoma-like UCNT"--HL-like UCNT) is known as a diagnostic pitfall. Using immunohistochemistry, Western blot and cDNA array technology, we wanted to document its phenotypical and molecular characteristics. We report herein 5 cases of UCNT that morphologically mimic HL and 3 classical UCNT cases.

[Late effects of radiations on mature and growing bone].

The physiopathology of radiation-induced bone damage is no completely elucidated. Ionizing radiation may induce an inhibition or an impairment of growing bone. This fact is of particular importance in children, and represents one of the most important dose-limiting factors in the radiotherapeutic management of children with malignant diseases.

[Late effects of radiations on the liver].

Until recently, the liver was classified as a radioresistant organ, although it is in fact highly radiosensitive. The realization that the whole liver could be treated safely only with low doses of radiation led to the conclusion that radiation therapy had an extremely limited role in the treatment of intrahepatic malignancies. A resurgence of interest has been observed with the advent of conformal radiotherapy and the introduction of bone marrow transplantation with total body irradiation.