An indium:calcium phosphate colloid that specifically targets fibrin.

The ability of indium to target fibrin in vitro was evaluated. The radionuclide (114m)Indium (114mIn) was prepared as a soluble and colloidal (In:In) form, as well as, a mixed indium:calcium phosphate (In:CaP) colloid. Soluble 114mIn was prepared by maintaining acid pH (50 mM HCl).

Natural display mode for digital DICOM-conformant diagnostic imaging.

Rationale And Objectives: The authors performed this study to investigate the verification of the contrast display properties defined by the digital imaging and communication in medicine (DICOM) PS (picture archiving and communication system [PACS] standard) 3.14-2001 gray-scale display function standard and their dependency on display luminance range and video signal bandwidth.

Materials And Methods: Contrast sensitivity and contrast linearity of DICOM-conformant displays were measured in just-noticeable differences (JNDs) on special perceptual contrast test patterns.

Diagnostic value of cervical discography in the management of cervical discogenic pain.

We did a retrospective analysis of patients who had a total of 46 cervical discs examined by cervical discography and then evaluated the postoperative results of 14 of the 16 patients who underwent cervical spine fusion at those levels in accordance with the results of our discograms. The average symptomatic period prior to discography was 12 months, and cervical discogenic pain was successfully localized in all 16 patients. Immediately post-cervical discectomy and anterior fusion, subjectively, all 14 patients had good to excellent results, and after a mean follow-up of 6.

Brain morphometric analysis in neurofibromatosis 1.

Rationale And Objectives: To investigate the relationships between brain and skull base growth in patients with neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) compared with healthy control subjects using brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for morphometric analysis.

Methods: Evaluated patients included children who underwent T1- and T2-weighted or dual-echo proton density axial and T1-weighted sagittal brain MRI from January 1, 1988, to December 31, 1995. Study subjects (n = 27) received a diagnosis of NF1 by accepted National Institutes of Health clinical criteria and were compared with an age- and sex-matched control group (n = 43).

Magnetic resonance imaging lesion analysis in neurofibromatosis type 1.

Objective: To define the evolution of identified high-signal brain parenchymal lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1).

Design: A cohort of patients with NF-1 who underwent MRI were identified prospectively and their imaging studies analyzed.

Patients: All referred patients with NF-1 (as defined by National Institutes of Health consensus criteria), who had undergone imaging with MRI were eligible.

Omental infarction: report of three cases and review of the literature.

Omental Infarction, the end result of impaired perfusion to the greater omentum, is a rare entity (JBCM Puylaert, Radiology 1992;185:169-172). We recently encountered three patients in whom computed tomography (CT) showed the characteristic findings of omental infarction. The diagnosis was subsequently confirmed intraoperatively and pathologically in two of the cases.

Grebe syndrome: clinical and radiographic findings in affected individuals and heterozygous carriers.

Grebe syndrome is a recessively inherited acromesomelic dysplasia. We studied, clinically and radiographically, 10 affected individuals, originating from Bahia, Brazil. The phenotype is characterized by a normal axial skeleton and severely shortened and deformed limbs, with a proximo-distal gradient of severity.

Concurrence of Graves' disease and dysplastic cerebral blood vessels of the moyamoya variety.

We describe two Caucasian women with the concurrence of Graves' disease and the moyamoya phenomenon (radiological evidence of collateral cerebral blood vessels like "puffs of smoke" due to cerebrovascular occlusive disease). One patient presented with acute cerebrovascular ischemia due to Moyamoya disease shortly after radioactive iodine therapy for Graves' disease and the second presented with Graves' disease 10 years after being diagnosed with moyamoya dysplastic cerebral vessels. The optimal treatment of hyperthyroidism in these patients is unknown; however, careful control of the hyperthyroidism by any modality seems reasonable.

Dosimetry and cost of imaging osseointegrated implants with film-based and computed tomography.

Thermoluminescent dosimeters were used to measure radiation doses at craniofacial sites in a tissue-equivalent phantom during film-based multidirectional tomography with the Tomax Ultrascan (Incubation Industries, Ivyland, Pa.) and during computed tomography with the Elscint Excel 2400 (Elscint Corp., Tel Aviv, Israel).

Periventricular heterotopia: an X-linked dominant epilepsy locus causing aberrant cerebral cortical development.

Periventricular heterotopia (PH) involves dramatic malformations of the human cerebral cortex. Here we show that PH is closely linked to markers in distal Xq28 (maximal two-point lod score = 4.77 for F8C at theta = 0; maximal multipoint lod score = 5.

Sensitivity of percutaneous endoscopy compared with ultrasonography in the detection of residue or mucosal lesions after topical gallbladder stone dissolution.

Background: Early gallstone recurrence in some patients after "successful" percutaneous topical dissolution may be due to residual debris. An endoscope small enough to be introduced without dilating the existing percutaneous track was used for gallbladder examination after stone dissolution.

Methods: The sensitivity of gallbladder endoscopy was compared with ultrasonography and double-contrast cholecystography for the detection of residual debris or mucosal lesions in 18 patients who underwent percutaneous topical dissolution.

Brain morphometric analysis in achondroplasia.

Rationale And Objectives: We undertook an MRI brain morphometric analysis to investigate the relationships between brain and skull base growth and clinical function in patients with achondroplasia as compared to normal controls.

Methods: Patients selected for evaluation included pediatric patients who underwent T1 and T2 or dual-echo, proton-density axial T1- and T2-weighted and T1 sagittal brain MRI during 1988 to 1992. Study subjects (n = 11) were diagnosed with achondroplasia by clinical and radiologic criteria and compared to an age- and gender-matched control group (n = 25).

Conscious sedation for imaging and interventional studies.

Some radiology patients may need medication to decrease anxiety and control pain. In this comprehensive article, the authors describe quality care for patients receiving conscious sedation, effective ways of delivering this service and detailed descriptions of the conscious sedation program at a northeastern university hospital. A valuable chart of recommended drugs, dosages, considerations and possible side effects is included.

Percutaneous removal of infected permanent pacemaker leads using a simple coaxial dilating system.

A simple traction-countertraction technique using common and readily available materials was successfully used to remove infected pacemaker leads from two patients. The specific methodology is presented. Although somewhat technically demanding, this approach appears safe and cost-effective.

Accelerated hypertension with encephalopathy due to an isolated dissection of a renal artery branch vessel.

Typical causes of renovascular hypertension include intramural atherosclerotic lesions of the main renal arteries or their branches and fibromuscular dysplasia of the renal arterial wall with luminal narrowing. We report a patient with new-onset, accelerated hypertension (blood pressure 220/140 mm Hg, status epilepticus, retinal hemorrhages) secondary to a dissection of the anterior division of the right renal artery that was accompanied by hyperreninemia, hyperaldosteronism, and hypokalemia. At presentation in the untreated state, unstimulated plasma renin activity and the serum aldosterone level were markedly elevated.

Familial band heterotopias simulating tuberous sclerosis.

We report the clinical and neuroimaging findings of a mother and daughter with seizure disorders and band heterotopias seen on magnetic resonance imaging studies. These clinicoradiologic findings simulate those for a diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis complex. Clinicians should be aware of this migrational anomaly and its neuroimaging characteristics, as well as the potential for this specific migrational anomaly to be genetically transmitted.

Neurofibromatosis type 1: magnetic resonance imaging findings.

The purpose of this study was to determine the locations and characterize the types of brain abnormalities noted on brain magnetic resonance imaging in patients with probable and definite neurofibromatosis type 1. Patients with definite neurofibromatosis type 1 (n = 17) were studied when clinically indicated, and patients with probable neurofibromatosis type 1 (n = 9) were studied to evaluate for asymptomatic optic pathway glioma. Of the 26 patients evaluated, 14 (53%) had high-intensity signal abnormalities and 11 (42%) had significant structural abnormalities.

Human gallbladder morphology after gallstone dissolution with methyl tert-butyl ether.

The effects of methyl tert-butyl ether exposure on the human gallbladder in five patients who were treated for gallstones by contact dissolution is described. Two patients underwent cholecystectomy within 1 week of methyl tert-butyl ether treatment, one patient 2 weeks after, another 10 weeks after, and one 12 weeks after. Indications for cholecystectomy were bilirubinate stones (resistant to methyl tert-butyl ether), catheter dislodgement, bile leakage, and gallstone recurrence (2 patients).

Adrenocorticotropin-independent bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia: an unusual cause of Cushing's syndrome.

Inappropriate ACTH secretion with bilateral diffuse or macronodular adrenal hyperplasia is the most common cause of Cushing's syndrome. This report describes a patient with Cushing's syndrome and feminization due to ACTH-independent bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia. A 47-yr-old black man presented with Cushingoid features, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, impotence, and gynecomastia.

Renovascular hypertension in moyamoya syndrome. Therapeutic response to percutaneous transluminal angioplasty.

Moyamoya ("puff of smoke") syndrome is a disease of children and young adults caused by fibromuscular dysplasia of the internal carotid and proximal cerebral arteries and is rarely associated with hypertension. We report a 34-year old woman with moyamoya syndrome who presented with symptomatic severe hypertension associated with unilateral renal artery stenosis. The patient underwent percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the right renal artery with subsequent improvement in blood pressure control on reduced, and later, no antihypertensive therapy.

Skeletal measurements using a flying spot digital imaging device.

A flying spot digital imaging unit was devised to measure skeletal length and angles. This device uses a spinning chopper wheel and fixed slit collimator in front of a conventional X-ray tube to produce a scanning pencil beam that passes through the patient and onto an electronic detector. The beam scans the patient transversely and the device moves longitudinally, creating a digital image with a skin dose of less than 2 mrad (0.

Computerized tomography of the patellofemoral joint before and after lateral release or realignment.

Computerized tomography (CT) provides an accurate diagnostic tool for evaluating tilt and subluxation of the patella. Using a previously described technique, this study reviews 62 computerized tomograms, including those of 21 patients before and after lateral release or anteromedial tibial tubercle transfer. One patient was evaluated before and after soft-tissue realignment of the patella.