Exercise improves depression through positive modulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). A review based on 100 manuscripts over 20 years.

The aim of this review was to explore the relevant neurobiology and the association between peripheral levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and acute and short to long-term exercise regimes, as well as its relation to depression and antidepressant treatment. A 20-year literature search was conducted. The screening process resulted in 100 manuscripts.

Changes in submaximal and maximal measures of cardio-respiratory fitness resulting from 6-days of mountain walking.

Trekking is a popular activity associated with cardiovascular benefits. The aim of the present study was to investigate changes in the submaximal heart rate, oxygen uptake, oxygen pulse, and blood lactate concentration associated with a 6-day mountain walk. Over a 12-year period, 134 male (age 21.

Investigating the Relationship between Big Five Personality Traits and Sports Performance among Disabled Athletes.

Awareness of the psychological issues of different groups of society can help in the management of sports programs and thus improve their athletic performance. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the big five personality traits and the sports performance of disabled athletes in team sports. Three hundred and seventy-six team athletes participated in the study.

Evaluation of health-related quality of life in physically active and physically inactive students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran.

Covid-19 is an acute respiratory syndrome that can effect on lifestyles. The aim of the present study was to compare the health-related quality of life (HRQoL), physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scores in physically active (PA) and physically inactive (PI) during the Covid-19 pandemic. Three hundred and twenty-six (182 women; 144 men) studying at the Persian Gulf University participated in the study.

Developing a New Curvilinear Allometric Model to Improve the Fit and Validity of the 20-m Shuttle Run Test as a Predictor of Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Adults and Youth.

Background And Objectives: Doubts have been raised concerning the validity of the 20-m shuttle-run test (20 mSRT) as a predictor of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in youth based on Léger's equation/model. An alternative allometric model has been published recently that is thought to provide, not only a superior fit (criterion validity) but also a more biologically and physiologically interpretable model (construct validity). The purposes of this study were to explore whether allometry can provide a more valid predictor of CRF using 20 mSRT compared with Léger's equation/model.

Effects of Physical Activity on Brain Energy Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Diseases.

The prevalence of dementia has substantially increased worldwide. Currently, there is no cure for dementia or Alzheimer's disease (AD), and care for affected patients is financially and psychologically costly. Of late, more attention has been given to preventive interventions-in particular, physical activity/exercise.

Angiotensin involvement in trauma processing-exploring candidate neurocognitive mechanisms of preventing post-traumatic stress symptoms.

The angiotensin-II antagonist losartan is a promising candidate that has enhanced extinction in a post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) animal model and was related to reducing PTSD symptom development in humans. Here, we investigate the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying these results, testing the effect of losartan on data-driven and contextual processing of traumatic material, mechanisms proposed to be relevant for PTSD development. In a double-blind between-subject design, 40 healthy participants were randomised to a single oral dose of losartan (50 mg) or placebo, 1 h before being exposed to distressing films as a trauma analogue while heart rate (HR) was measured.

Effects of Three-Day Serial Sodium Bicarbonate Loading on Performance and Physiological Parameters During a Simulated Basketball Test in Female University Players.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 3-day serial sodium bicarbonate ingestion on repeated sprint and jump performance. Fifteen female university basketball players (23.3 ± 3.

No Dose-Response Effect of Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse Concentration on 5-km Running Performance in Recreational Athletes.

Clarke, ND, Thomas, JR, Kagka, M, Ramsbottom, R, and Delextrat, A. No dose-response effect of carbohydrate mouth rinse concentration on 5-km running performance in recreational athletes. J Strength Cond Res 31(3): 715-720, 2017-Oral carbohydrate rinsing has been demonstrated to provide beneficial effects on exercise performance of durations of up to 1 hour, albeit predominately in a laboratory setting.

Cardio-respiratory fitness, habitual physical activity and serum brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in men and women.

Short episodes of high intensity exercise transiently increase serum levels of BDNF in humans, but serum levels of BDNF at rest appear to be lower in more physically active humans with greater levels of energy expenditure. The relationship between serum BDNF concentration, cardio-respiratory fitness (Astrand-Rhyming test estimated VO2 max) and volume of long-term, regular exercise and sporting activity (Baecke Habitual Physical Activity Index) was investigated in 44 men and women between the age range of 18-57 years. In this group an inverse relationship between resting serum BDNF concentration and measures of both estimated VO2 max (r=-0.

Change in heart rate variability following orthostasis relates to volume of exercise in healthy women.

Physically active individuals demonstrate increased heart rate variability (HRV) during rest compared to sedentary individuals, but the impact of different volumes of regular exercise on the HRV response to postural change is not well understood. This study investigates change in HRV following orthostasis in seventy-two young women who exercise at low (LV) or high (HV) volumes of physical activity. Supine and standing R-R intervals were analysed by time domain, frequency domain and Poincaré plot methods.

Measures of cardiac autonomic control in women with differing volumes of physical activity.

In this study, we investigated heart rate variability in women who exercise regularly, but with differing volumes of physical activity. Forty women participated and were allocated to either a "high" or "moderate" activity group. Heart rate as R-R intervals was recorded during supine rest and analysed using time domain, frequency domain, and Poincaré plot techniques.

Oxygen cost during treadmill walking with hip and knee immobilised.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of immobilising the knee and hip on the oxygen cost (ml·kg(-1)·min(-1)) to velocity relationship during treadmill walking. The study was a prospective experimental conducted in a Rehabilitation centre. Ten healthy individuals, five men and five women, with no gait abnormality participated.

A pilot study to investigate explosive leg extensor power and walking performance after stroke.

We examined explosive leg extensor power (LEP) and gait in men and women after a stroke using an experimental observational design. A convenience sample of consecutively referred individuals (8 men, 6 women) with chronic stroke mean age ± SD, range, 46.4 ± 8.

The effect of 6 months training on leg power, balance, and functional mobility of independently living adults over 70 years old.

Where strength training has been used in conjunction with functional-task training in older people, not only have there been improvements in leg strength but also improved function has been measured (e.g., Skelton & McLaughlin, 1996).

Measuring oxygen cost during level walking in individuals with acquired brain injury in the clinical setting.

This study examined the test-retest reliability of oxygen cost (ml·kg(-1)·min(-1)) during level walking in individuals with acquired brain injury (ABI). Ten individuals with ABI (5 men, 5 women) (Traumatic brain injury, 1, central pontine myelinolysis, 1, stroke 8) and 21 healthy controls (11 men, 10 women). Measurements of gross and net (walking minus resting) oxygen consumption (ml·kg(-1)·min(-1)), and oxygen cost (ml·kg(-1)·min(-1)) during level walking at self-selected speeds.