[Shock-induced ischemic optic neuropathy].

Background: Shock can lead to ischemic injury of organs. Ischemic injury of the optic nerve may even cause blindness.

Case Description: A 61-year-old female patient was admitted to ICU with septic shock.

Prevalence and causes of visual field loss in the elderly and associations with impairment in daily functioning: the Rotterdam Study.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence and causes of visual field loss (VFL) and the association between VFL and indicators of impairment in daily functioning.

Design: Population-based cohort study.

Setting: Suburb of Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

Is open-angle glaucoma associated with early menopause? The Rotterdam Study.

The authors examined the association between age at menopause and open-angle glaucoma among women aged > or = 55 years in the population-based Rotterdam Study (1990--1993). Information on age and type of menopause was obtained by interview. Subjects (n = 3,078) were stratified into three categories according to age at menopause: <45 years, 45--49 years, and > or = 50 years, with the last group serving as the reference group.

Changing views on open-angle glaucoma: definitions and prevalences--The Rotterdam Study.

Purpose: To create a quantitative basis for diagnostic criteria for open-angle glaucoma (OAG), to propose an epidemiologic definition for OAG based on these, and to determine the prevalence of OAG in a general white population.

Methods: Of the 7983 subjects 55 years of age or older participating in the population-based Rotterdam Study, 6756 subjects participated in the ophthalmic part of this study (6281 subjects living independently and 475 in nursing homes). The criteria for the diagnosis of OAG were based on ophthalmoscopic and semiautomated Imagenet estimations of the optic disc such as vertical cup-to-disc ratio (VCDR), minimal width of neural rim, or asymmetry in VCDR between both eyes, and visual field testing with kinetic Goldmann perimetry.

Cup-to-disc ratio: ophthalmoscopy versus automated measurement in a general population: The Rotterdam Study.

Objective: To determine the correlations between ophthalmoscopic estimations and the measurements with a semiautomated image-analysis device of the vertical cup-to-disc ratio (VCDR) in the human optic disc.

Design: Population-based, cross-sectional study.

Participants: All subjects 55 years of age and older from the population-based sample of 6777 ophthalmologically examined subjects from The Rotterdam Study of whom gradable optic disc transparencies of at least 1 eye and ophthalmoscopic data of the same eye were available.

Determinants of optic disc characteristics in a general population: The Rotterdam Study.

Objective: To determine whether age, gender, height, and refractive error are associated with optic disc morphology in a general elderly population.

Design: Population-based, cross-sectional study.

Participants: A total of 5114 subjects 55 years of age or older participated in this study, representing 76% of a population-based sample of 6777 ophthalmologically examined white patients from a geographically well-defined suburb in Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Epidermal participation in post-burn hypertrophic scar development.

The reconstruction of epidermal architecture over time in normotrophic and hypertrophic scars in untransplanted, spontaneously healed partial-thickness burns has scarcely been studied, unlike the regeneration of epidermal grafts used to cover burn wounds and the regeneration of the dermis during hypertrophic scarring. The expression of markers of epidermal proliferation, differentiation and activation in normotrophic and hypertrophic scars in spontaneously healed partial-thickness burns was assessed and compared with the expression of these markers in normal control skin of healthy persons to determine whether hypertrophic scarring is associated with abnormalities in the phenotype of keratinocytes. Punch biopsies were taken both of partial-thickness burns after re-epithelialisation and of matched unburned skin.

Genetic risk of primary open-angle glaucoma. Population-based familial aggregation study.

Objectives: To study familial aggregation of primary open-angle glaucoma in a general population and to determine the absolute and relative risks for first-degree relatives.

Methods: First-degree relatives of patients with glaucoma (n = 48) and control subjects (n = 155) from the population-based Rotterdam Study underwent a standardized examination, including perimetry.

Main Outcome Measures: Intraocular pressure, vertical cup-disc ratio; and the presence of glaucoma, defined as a visual field defect with a cup-disc ratio of 0.

Morphometric analysis of Bruch's membrane, the choriocapillaris, and the choroid in aging.

Purpose: To quantify changes in choriocapillary density and in thickness of Bruch's membrane, the choriocapillaris, and the choroid in 95 unpaired, histologically normal human maculae aged 6 to 100 years and in 25 maculae with advanced age-related macular degeneration.

Methods: Light microscopic, computer-aided, morphometric quantitative analysis.

Results: In ten decades, Bruch's membrane thickness increased by 135%, from 2.