The Impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccination and Infection on Neutralizing Antibodies: A Nation-wide Cross-sectional Analysis.

Background: Neutralising antibodies (nAbs) play a critical role in the protection against severe COVID-19. In the era of vaccine boosters and repeated SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks, identifying individuals at risk represents a public health priority.

Methods: Relying on the Monaco COVID Public Health Programme, we evaluated nAbs from July 2021-June 2022 in 8,080 SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated and/or infected children and adults, at their inclusion visit.

Correction: Interaction of Saccharomyces boulardii with Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Protects Mice and Modifies T84 Cell Response to the Infection.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Human Health and Ocean Pollution.

Background: Pollution - unwanted waste released to air, water, and land by human activity - is the largest environmental cause of disease in the world today. It is responsible for an estimated nine million premature deaths per year, enormous economic losses, erosion of human capital, and degradation of ecosystems. Ocean pollution is an important, but insufficiently recognized and inadequately controlled component of global pollution.

Diversity of CNCM I-745 mechanisms of action against intestinal infections.

The yeast CNCM I-745 is one of the probiotics recommended for the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Studies conducted and demonstrated that in the case of infectious diseases there are two potential sites of action of CNCM I-745: (1) An action on enteropathogenic microorganisms (adhesion of bacteria and their elimination or an effect on their virulence factors: Toxins, lipopolysaccharide, .); and (2) a direct action on the intestinal mucosa (trophic effects, effects on epithelial reconstitution, anti-secretory effects, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulators).

An Analysis of Protein Consumption in India Through Plant and Animal Sources.

Background: India became self-sufficient in food because of the Green Revolution in the 1960s. However, both the technological innovation and policy support have been biased toward cereals. It is expected that cereals are the major source of proteins in the diet.

The Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 strain shows protective effects against the B. anthracis LT toxin.

The probiotic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii (S. boulardii) has been prescribed for the prophylaxis and treatment of several infectious diarrheal diseases. Gastrointestinal anthrax causes fatal systemic disease.

Effect of Isometric Exercise on QTc Interval.

Introduction: The QTc interval is affected by heart rate, autonomic nervous system and diseases like diabetes. However, the affect of exercise which alters autonomic nervous system activity, on QTc is not clear. On the other hand, the incidence of sudden cardiac death increases many fold post exercise.

Saccharomyces boulardii modifies Salmonella typhimurium traffic and host immune responses along the intestinal tract.

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST) is an enteropathogenic Gram-negative bacterium that causes infection following oral ingestion. ST spreads rapidly along the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and invades the intestinal epithelium to ultimately reach internal body organs. The probiotic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii BIOCODEX (S.

Saccharomyces boulardii does not prevent relapse of Crohn's disease.

Background & Aims: Saccharomyces boulardii is a probiotic yeast that has been shown to have beneficial effects on the intestinal epithelial barrier and digestive immune system. There is preliminary evidence that S boulardii could be used to treat patients with Crohn's disease (CD). We performed a randomized, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the effects of S boulardii in patients with CD who underwent remission during therapy with steroids or aminosalicylates.

Modification of Salmonella Typhimurium motility by the probiotic yeast strain Saccharomyces boulardii.

Background: Motility is an important component of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST) pathogenesis allowing the bacteria to move into appropriate niches, across the mucus layer and invade the intestinal epithelium. In vitro, flagellum-associated motility is closely related to the invasive properties of ST. The probiotic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii BIOCODEX (S.

Shear bond strength of composite resin to dentin after application of cavity disinfectants - SEM study.

Aim: The aim was to evaluate the effect of different cavity disinfectants on dentin bond strengths of composite resin applied with two different adhesive systems.

Materials And Methods: Two-hundred mandibular molars were sectioned parallel to the occlusal surface to expose dentin in the midcoronal one-third. The dentinal surfaces were polished with waterproof-polishing papers.

[Large iatrogenic colonic perforation treated by endoscopic suturing].

Perforation of the colon during colonoscopy is still one of the most severe complications of this technique and occurs with a frequency of between 0.12 % and 0.2 % of cases after diagnostic colonoscopy and in up to 3 % of patients after therapeutic colonoscopy.

Interaction of Saccharomyces boulardii with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium protects mice and modifies T84 cell response to the infection.

Background: Salmonella pathogenesis engages host cells in two-way biochemical interactions: phagocytosis of bacteria by recruitment of cellular small GTP-binding proteins induced by the bacteria, and by triggering a pro-inflammatory response through activation of MAPKs and nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB. Worldwide interest in the use of functional foods containing probiotic bacteria for health promotion and disease prevention has increased significantly. Saccharomyces boulardii is a non-pathogenic yeast used as a probiotic in infectious diarrhea.

Low risk of irritable bowel syndrome after Clostridium difficile infection.

Objective: The incidence of postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) ranges between 4% and 32% of individuals after bacterial or parasitic infection. This study analyzed IBS symptoms in hospitalized patients three months after a symptomatic Clostridium difficile infection.

Patients And Methods: All patients with a proven, symptomatic C difficile infection identified in the department of bacteriology over a four-month period were considered for enrolment.

Review article: yeast as probiotics -- Saccharomyces boulardii.

Background: Probiotics are defined as live micro-organisms which confer a health benefit on the host. Although most probiotics are bacteria, one strain of yeast, Saccharomyces boulardii, has been found to be an effective probiotic in double-blind clinical studies.

Aims: To compare the main properties that differentiates yeast from bacteria and to review the properties of S.

Saccharomyces boulardii inhibits inflammatory bowel disease by trapping T cells in mesenteric lymph nodes.

Background & Aims: Saccharomyces boulardii is a nonpathogenic yeast used for treatment of diarrhea. We used a mice model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to analyze the effects of S boulardii on inflammation.

Methods: Lymphocyte-transferred SCID mice, displaying IBD, were fed daily with S boulardii.

[Cholangiography by magnetic resonance for detection of cholelithiasis: comparison with endoscopic retrograde cholangiography, operative cholangiography and percutaneous cholangiography].

Unlabelled: To evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of the magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRC) in the detection of main bile duct stones in a set of 102 patients.

Methodology: Criteria of inclusion were: Clinic and biological suspicion of biliary stones obstruction with exams of first intention no contributive. We used the "turbo spin echo" sequences with thick slices in single shot mode and fine slides with reconstruction in 3D by a computer.

Correction of protein-energy malnutrition in older adults: effects of a short-term aerobic training program.

Twenty malnourished subjects (average age 67 years old) treated by cyclic enteral nutrition were assigned to an active or control group according to whether they took part or not in a 3-week aerobic training program. Subjects underwent the following tests on d(0)-d(1) and d(20)-d(21): calculation of a global nutritional deficiency index (GND), bioelectrical impedance analysis, evaluation of daily energy expenditures using a 24 h heart rate (HR) recorder and a pedometer, maximal voluntary isometric strength assessment (MVIS), and symptoms limited maximal oxygen uptake ((.)VO(2 max.

Effects of refeeding by cyclic enteral nutrition on body composition: comparative study of elderly and younger patients.

Previous reports suggest that correcting the malnourished state may be more difficult in elderly people than in younger people. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 21 days of cyclic enteral nutrition (CyEN) on nutritional and body composition parameters in elderly, compared with younger patients. Twenty-four patients younger than 65 years (mean age 50 years) and 26 patients 65 years of age and older (mean age 75 years) referred for refeeding, having lost at least 20% of their body weight or at least 10% in 3 months, were studied.

Enantiocomplementary reduction of 3-phenylthiopropan-2-one by Bacillus sp.: effect of medium components.

The enantioselectivity of the enzymes responsible for reduction of prochiral compound 3-phenylthiopropan-2-one was dependent on the concentration of yeast extract and glucose in the growth medium. Low concentrations of yeast extract (0.1-0.

Saccharomyces boulardii prevents TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis in EHEC-infected T84 cells.

Induction of apoptosis and necrosis by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) has been reported in vivo and in vitro, but features of cell death were not noted in those reports. Since tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) has been implicated in the apoptosis of invasive bacteria, we investigated the role of this cytokine in EHEC-induced apoptosis. We hypothesize that the probiotic yeast strain Saccharomyces boulardii that interferes with EHEC-induced pro-inflammatory pathways delays EHEC-induced apoptosis.

Effects of Saccharomyces boulardii on fecal short-chain fatty acids and microflora in patients on long-term total enteral nutrition.

Aim: Diarrhea is a significant problem in patients on total enteral nutrition (TEN) and may involve changes in intestinal short chain fatty acids or microflora. Recent studies suggest that the probiotic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii (Sb) may decrease its incidence. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of Sb on fecal flora and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in patients on long-term TEN.

Effect of ondansetron, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, on fatigue in chronic hepatitis C: a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled study.

Background And Aims: There are no available effective therapies for fatigue associated with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). The serotonin antagonist ondansetron has been shown to be effective in the chronic fatigue syndrome. In this randomised, placebo controlled, double blind trial, we investigated the effect of orally administered ondansetron on fatigue in CHC.