Diffuse traumatic brain injury substantially alters plasma growth hormone in the juvenile rat.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can damage the hypothalamus and cause improper activation of the growth hormone (GH) axis, leading to growth hormone deficiency (GHD). GHD is one of the most prevalent endocrinopathies following TBI in adults; however, the extent to which GHD affects juveniles remains understudied. We used postnatal day 17 rats (n = 83), which model the late infantile/toddler period, and assessed body weights, GH levels, and number of hypothalamic somatostatin neurons at acute (1, 7 days post injury (DPI)) and chronic (18, 25, 43 DPI) time points.

Synergistic antimutagenic effect of isothiocyanates against varied mutagens.

Although plant foods provide an array of nutrients in the human diet, our knowledge of how these nutrients are interacting among each other at molecular level is limited. Among these, glucosinolates are the most important secondary metabolites, which are readily hydrolyzed to a variety of products including isothiocyanates. The current study emphasizes on the antimutagenic potential of three isothiocyanates (ITCs) viz.

Rotational stability of a toric intraocular lens: influence of axial length and alignment in the capsular bag.

Purpose: To evaluate the rotational stability of a toric intraocular lens (IOL) using purpose-designed software and to determine the influence of axial length (AL) and in-the-bag IOL alignment on IOL rotation.

Setting: Iladevi Cataract & IOL Research Centre, Ahmedabad, India.

Design: Prospective observational case series.

Evaluation of cytotoxic and radical-scavenging activities of root extracts of Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken.

In the present study root extracts of Schleichera oleosa were prepared and analysed for hydroxyl radical scavenging potential in different in vitro models, such as deoxyribose degradation (site-specific and non-site specific) and plasmid nicking assays. The extracts were found to have profound effects in both assays by scavenging of hydroxyl radicals. The extracts were also assessed for in vitro cytotoxicity in a sulphorhodamine B dye assay against a panel of cell lines representing different types of human cancers and tissues, wherein the methanol, ethyl acetate and water extracts were found to effectively inhibit the growth of selective cell lines.

Antimutagenic potential of glucosinolate-rich seed extracts of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L var italica Plenck).

In the current study, isolation of glucosinolate degradation products was done in 4 different incubation solutions with different pHs based on the fact that distinct hydrolytic products are formed at different pHs. All the extracts were tested against direct-acting mutagens (4 nitro-o-phenylenediamine [NPD]), sodium azide, and indirect-acting mutagen (2-aminofluorene [2AF]). It was observed that extracts inhibited mutagenesis induced by the S9-dependent mutagen (2AF) more significantly than direct-acting mutagens.

Diminution of free radical induced DNA damage by extracts/fractions from bark of Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken.

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of extracts of Schleichera oleosa (Sapindaceae) for its cytotoxic and hydroxyl radical-scavenging activities. The bark of the tree was used to prepare extracts with different solvents (i.e.

A Prelimenary Result of the Cardiovascular Risk factors Intervention Study (Pikom Study): Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension and their Associated Factors.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been the number one cause of death since the last three decades in Malaysia and diabetes mellitus and hypertension are considered as major risk factors. A study to reduce risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in the community (PIKOM) through education and lifestyle changes was undertaken. The study population was from four different areas in Peninsular Malaysia - Kota Bharu and Bachok in Kelantan ; Raub in Pahang; Gunung Besout in Perak and Felda Palong in Negri Sembilan.

Behaviour of the urethral striated sphincter and of the bladder in the chronic spinal cat. Implications at the Central Nervous System Level.

Nine cats were spinalized at the thoraco-lumbar junction (T12-L7) and the subsequent behaviour of the bladder and urethral striated sphincter was observed during periods of up to 27 days after spinalization by means of bladder manometry and of urethral electromyography. On the day following operation, the urethral sphincter responds to stimulation of its intact motor nerve, the pudic nerve by reflex (R) and direct (M) responses analogous to those of the intact animal anaesthetized with chloralose. The ratio R/M lies between 1 and 0.

Organization of the nervous control of urethral sphincter. A study in the anaesthetized cat with intact central nervous system.

The electromyographic response of the striated urethral sphincter has been evoked following stimulation of its motor nerve, the pudic nerve. Stimulation of the intact nerve fires the muscular fibres directly with a latency of approximately 1.2 msec and also in a reflex manner via the ipsilateral and contralateral pathways.