Multiplexed sensitivity-encoding diffusion-weighted imaging (MUSE) in diffusion-weighted imaging for rectal MRI: a quantitative and qualitative analysis at multiple b-values.

Purpose: To compare four diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences for image quality, rectal contour, and lesion conspicuity, and to assess the difference in their signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC).

Methods: In this retrospective study of 36 consecutive patients who underwent 3.0 T rectal MRI from January-June 2020, DWI was performed with single-shot echo planar imaging (ss-EPI) (b800 s/mm), multiplexed sensitivity encoding (MUSE) (b800 s/mm), MUSE (b1500 s/mm), and field-of-view optimized and constrained undistorted single-shot (FOCUS) (b1500 s/mm).

Multimodal data integration using machine learning improves risk stratification of high-grade serous ovarian cancer.

Patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer suffer poor prognosis and variable response to treatment. Known prognostic factors for this disease include homologous recombination deficiency status, age, pathological stage and residual disease status after debulking surgery. Recent work has highlighted important prognostic information captured in computed tomography and histopathological specimens, which can be exploited through machine learning.

Combined artificial intelligence and radiologist model for predicting rectal cancer treatment response from magnetic resonance imaging: an external validation study.

Purpose: To evaluate an MRI-based radiomic texture classifier alone and combined with radiologist qualitative assessment in predicting pathological complete response (pCR) using restaging MRI with internal training and external validation.

Methods: Consecutive patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) who underwent neoadjuvant therapy followed by total mesorectal excision from March 2012 to February 2016 (Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center/internal dataset, n = 114, 41% female, median age = 55) and July 2014 to October 2015 (Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo/external dataset, n = 50, 52% female, median age = 64.5) were retrospectively included.

MRI radiomics features of mesorectal fat can predict response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy and tumor recurrence in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.

Objective: To interrogate the mesorectal fat using MRI radiomics feature analysis in order to predict clinical outcomes in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer from 2009 to 2015. Three radiologists independently segmented mesorectal fat on baseline T2-weighted axial MRI.

Unraveling tumor-immune heterogeneity in advanced ovarian cancer uncovers immunogenic effect of chemotherapy.

In metastatic cancer, the degree of heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and its molecular underpinnings remain largely unstudied. To characterize the tumor-immune interface at baseline and during neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), we performed immunogenomic analysis of treatment-naive and paired samples from before and after treatment with chemotherapy. In treatment-naive HGSOC, we found that immune-cell-excluded and inflammatory microenvironments coexist within the same individuals and within the same tumor sites, indicating ubiquitous variability in immune cell infiltration.

Hyperpolarized MRI of Human Prostate Cancer Reveals Increased Lactate with Tumor Grade Driven by Monocarboxylate Transporter 1.

Metabolic imaging using hyperpolarized magnetic resonance can increase the sensitivity of MRI, though its ability to inform on relevant changes to biochemistry in humans remains unclear. In this work, we image pyruvate metabolism in patients, assessing the reproducibility of delivery and conversion in the setting of primary prostate cancer. We show that the time to max of pyruvate does not vary significantly within patients undergoing two separate injections or across patients.

Association between CT-texture-derived tumor heterogeneity, outcomes, and BRCA mutation status in patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer.

Purpose: To assess the associations between inter-site texture heterogeneity parameters derived from computed tomography (CT), survival, and BRCA mutation status in women with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC).

Materials And Methods: Retrospective study of 88 HGSOC patients undergoing CT and BRCA mutation status testing prior to primary cytoreductive surgery. Associations between texture metrics-namely inter-site cluster variance (SCV), inter-site cluster prominence (SCP), inter-site cluster entropy (SE)-and overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) as well as BRCA mutation status were assessed.

Temporal changes in MRI appearance of the prostate after focal ablation.

Purpose: The purpose of our study was to retrospectively evaluate and categorize temporal changes in MRI appearances of the prostate in patients who underwent focal therapy with MRI follow-up.

Methods: The Institutional Review Board approved this retrospective study and waived the requirement for informed consent. Thirty-seven patients (median age 61; 48-70 years) with low-to-intermediate-risk, clinically organ-confined prostate cancer underwent focal ablation therapy from 2009 to 2014.

Reproducibility and Repeatability of Semiquantitative F-Fluorodihydrotestosterone Uptake Metrics in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Metastases: A Prospective Multicenter Study.

F-fluorodihydrotestosterone (F-FDHT) is a radiolabeled analog of the androgen receptor's primary ligand that is currently being credentialed as a biomarker for prognosis, response, and pharmacodynamic effects of new therapeutics. As part of the biomarker qualification process, we prospectively assessed its reproducibility and repeatability in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. We conducted a prospective multiinstitutional study of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients undergoing 2 (test/retest) F-FDHT PET/CT scans on 2 consecutive days.

CT Features of Ovarian Tumors: Defining Key Differences Between Serous Borderline Tumors and Low-Grade Serous Carcinomas.

Objective: The objective of our study was to investigate whether the CT features of serous borderline tumors (SBTs) differ from those of low-grade serous carcinomas (LGSCs) and to evaluate if mutation status is associated with distinct CT phenotypes.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 59 women, 37 with SBT and 22 with LGSC, who underwent CT before primary surgical resection. Thirty of 59 patients were genetically profiled.

Erratum to: Fertility-sparing for young patients with gynecologic cancer: How MRI can guide patient selection prior to conservative management.

The original version of this article unfortunately contained mistakes. The figures 7D, 7E and 7F were missing in the article and arrows were missing in the figures 6C, 8B and 11C. The year of publication and volume number for references 19, 79 and 87 have been updated.

High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer: Associations between BRCA Mutation Status, CT Imaging Phenotypes, and Clinical Outcomes.

Purpose To investigate the associations between BRCA mutation status and computed tomography (CT) phenotypes of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) and to evaluate CT indicators of cytoreductive outcome and survival in patients with BRCA-mutant HGSOC and those with BRCA wild-type HGSOC. Materials and Methods This HIPAA-compliant, institutional review board-approved retrospective study included 108 patients (33 with BRCA mutant and 75 with BRCA wild-type HGSOC) who underwent CT before primary debulking. Two radiologists independently reviewed the CT findings for various qualitative CT features.

Fertility-sparing for young patients with gynecologic cancer: How MRI can guide patient selection prior to conservative management.

Historically, cancer treatment has emphasized measures for the "cure" regardless of the long-term consequences. Advances in cancer detection and treatment have resulted in improved outcomes bringing to the fore various quality of life considerations including future fertility. For many young cancer patients, fertility preservation is now an integral component of clinical decision-making and treatment design.

A novel representation of inter-site tumour heterogeneity from pre-treatment computed tomography textures classifies ovarian cancers by clinical outcome.

Purpose: To evaluate the associations between clinical outcomes and radiomics-derived inter-site spatial heterogeneity metrics across multiple metastatic lesions on CT in patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC).

Methods: IRB-approved retrospective study of 38 HGSOC patients. All sites of suspected HGSOC involvement on preoperative CT were manually segmented.

The database of the PREDICTS (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems) project.

The PREDICTS project-Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems (www.predicts.org.

Differentiation of Uterine Leiomyosarcoma from Atypical Leiomyoma: Diagnostic Accuracy of Qualitative MR Imaging Features and Feasibility of Texture Analysis.

Purpose: To investigate whether qualitative magnetic resonance (MR) features can distinguish leiomyosarcoma (LMS) from atypical leiomyoma (ALM) and assess the feasibility of texture analysis (TA).

Methods: This retrospective study included 41 women (ALM = 22, LMS = 19) imaged with MRI prior to surgery. Two readers (R1, R2) evaluated each lesion for qualitative MR features.

Prostate cancer bone metastases on staging prostate MRI: prevalence and clinical features associated with their diagnosis.

Purpose: Bone lesions on prostate MRI often raise concern about metastases. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of bone metastases on staging prostate MRI and evaluate associations between their MRI features and clinical/pathologic characteristics.

Methods: Retrospective, IRB-approved study of 3765 patients undergoing prostate MRI for newly diagnosed PCa between 2000 and 2014.

Patients with a Previous History of Malignancy Undergoing Lung Cancer Screening: Clinical Characteristics and Radiologic Findings.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics and radiologic findings in patients with a previous history of malignancy who underwent computed tomography (CT) screening for lung cancer.

Methods: Patients with a previous history of malignancy and a life expectancy of at least 5 years who were referred for lung cancer screening between May 2, 2011, and September 24, 2014, were included. CT scan features assessed included nodule size, morphologic features, and number.

Second-Opinion Interpretations of Gynecologic Oncologic MRI Examinations by Sub-Specialized Radiologists Influence Patient Care.

Purpose: To determine if second-opinion review of gynaecologic oncologic (GynOnc) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by sub-specialized radiologists impacts patient care.

Methods: 469 second-opinion MRI interpretations rendered by GynOnc radiologists were retrospectively compared to the initial outside reports. Two gynaecologic surgeons, blinded to the reports' origins, reviewed all cases with discrepancies between initial and second-opinion MRI reports and recorded whether these discrepancies would have led to a change in patient management defined as a change in treatment approach, counselling, or referral.

Role of MR Imaging and FDG PET/CT in Selection and Follow-up of Patients Treated with Pelvic Exenteration for Gynecologic Malignancies.

Pelvic exenteration (PE) is a radical surgical procedure used for the past 6 decades to treat locally advanced malignant diseases confined to the pelvis, particularly persistent or recurrent gynecologic cancers in the irradiated pelvis. The traditional surgical technique known as total PE consists of resection of all pelvic viscera followed by reconstruction. Depending on the tumor extent, the procedure can be tailored to remove only anterior or posterior structures, including the bladder (anterior exenteration) or rectum (posterior exenteration).

Diagnostic Performance of Computed Tomography for Preoperative Staging of Patients with Non-endometrioid Carcinomas of the Uterine Corpus.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic performance of computed tomography (CT) for initial staging of non-endometrioid carcinomas of the uterine corpus.

Materials And Methods: Waiving informed consent, the Institutional Review Board approved this Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)-compliant retrospective study of 193 women with uterine papillary serous carcinomas, clear cell carcinomas, and carcinosarcomas, who underwent surgical staging between May 1998 and December 2011 and had preoperative CT within 6 weeks before surgery. Two radiologists (R1, R2) independently reviewed all CT images.