Laryngeal electromyography.

Laryngeal electromyography (LEMG) evaluates the integrity of the neuromuscular system in the larynx by recording action potentials generated in the laryngeal muscles during voluntary and involuntary contraction. LEMG is particularly useful for helping to differentiate between disorders involving upper motor neurons, lower motor neurons, peripheral nerves, the neuromuscular junction, muscle fibers, and the laryngeal cartilages and joints. LEMG should be considered to be an extension of the physical examination, not an isolated laboratory procedure.

Thoracic paraparesis following an embolic vascular event during lumbar spinal surgery.

Objective: A case report illustrating the rare occurrence of thoracic paraparesis following the presumed occurrence of an embolic vascular event during lumbar spinal surgery is presented. The goal is to investigate the potential causes of acute postoperative paraparesis following lumbar spine surgery. A discussion of the symptoms, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and management of spinal cord ischemia and postembolic infarction is presented.