Positive and adverse childhood experiences and mental health outcomes of children.

Objective: Researchers and policymakers have identified adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) like abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction as a contributing factor to poor mental health outcomes for children. Positive childhood experiences (PCEs) like open family communication styles, having the ability to live and play in a safe, stable, and protective environment, having constructive opportunities for social engagement, and receiving mentorship from adults have been found to improve the mental health of children.

Purpose: This paper explores the role of ACEs and PCEs on the mental health outcomes of children.

Shared Decision Making and Treatment for Minority Children With ADHD.

Shared decision making (SDM) involves the patient and family in medical decisions regarding treatment. The purpose of this article is to utilize the 2016 National Survey of Children's Health to explore whether family engagement in SDM increases the odds of treatment for children with ADHD, and more specifically, if the presence of SDM is associated with the reduction of racial and ethnic disparities in treatment. Multivariate logistic regression was used to model the odds of treatment for each racial/ethnic group controlling for sociodemographic and health-related variables.

Sex, Age, Race/Ethnicity, Veteran Status, and the Likelihood of Reporting Cardiovascular Conditions in the National Health Interview Survey.

Background: This study explores the likelihood of reporting the presence of cardiovascular health conditions in the National Health Interview Survey, with a focus on the moderating effects of veteran status, race/ethnicity, age, sex, and functional status.

Method: Data from the 2012-2015 National Health Interview Survey examine 5 cardiovascular health conditions/risk factors (hypertension, coronary heart disease, heart conditions, stroke, and heart attack).

Results: Age, sex, and functional status moderate the relationship between veteran status and cardiovascular conditions.

Veterans' Likelihood of Reporting Cardiovascular Disease.

Objective: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common chronic health condition affecting Americans. One important group of Americans that health researchers have noted as key to understanding general population health and wellbeing are veterans of the US military. The healthy soldier effect has been used to explain the health benefits of military service during and for a period of time after service.

Barriers to college success among students that experienced adverse childhood events.

This study examines the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and academic barriers to college success. College students ( = 525) were surveyed about exposure to ACEs and academic barriers on a large university campus in the Southeast. Multivariate regression was used to model the academic barriers among college students for students with different levels of ACEs exposure controlling for depression, health and family barriers, and sociodemographic characteristics.

Activity-Limiting Musculoskeletal Conditions in US Veterans Compared to Non-Veterans: Results from the 2013 National Health Interview Survey.

Past military service is associated with health outcomes, both positive and negative. In this study we use the 2013 National Health Interview Survey to examine the constellation of conditions referred to as musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) for Veterans and non-veterans with health conditions that limit their daily activities. Multivariate logistic regression analysis reveal that Veterans are more likely to report MSDs like neck and back problems, fracture bone and joint problems as an activity limiting problem compared to non-veterans.

Individualized Education Program Development Among Racially/Ethnically Diverse Children and Adolescents with Health Conditions.

Background Black, Hispanic, and low income children bear a greater burden of chronic health conditions compared to wealthier white counterparts. Under federal law, schools provide services to children when their health conditions impair learning. These school services, called individualized education programs (IEPs) can reduce disparities in school outcomes.

Neuro-otologic manifestations of tuberculosis. "The great imitator".

Objective: To demonstrate the different neuro-otologic clinical presentations of tuberculosis.

Study Design: Retrospective clinical analysis.

Result: 83.

Parental strain, parental health, and community characteristics among children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder.

Objective: It has been documented that parenting a child with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can cause family strain, but less is known about the added stress of additional child health diagnoses on levels of strain. This study explores the relationship between family stressors (such as child comorbid conditions) and family resources (such as social support, community characteristics, and parental health) on parental strain.

Methods: We used the 2007 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) to identify children with ADHD and other comorbid mental and physical health conditions (n = 5473).

Racial and ethnic variation in ADHD, comorbid illnesses, and parental strain.

Our objective was to understand the racial and ethnic variation in parental strain for non-Latino White, African American, and Latino parents of children with ADHD and other comorbid diagnoses. We selected 5,397 children with a current diagnosis of ADHD from the 2007 National Survey of Child Health (NSCH) and identified comorbid conditions that could cause additional parental strain. Multivariate regression analyses of parental strain, from ADHD plus comorbid physical and mental health conditions, varied by race and ethnicity in our sample.

Problems with veteran-family communication during operation enduring freedom/operation Iraqi freedom military deployment.

Twenty Reserve component (Army and Marines) and Army National Guard male veterans of Operational Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom discuss their deployment and postdeployment family reintegration experiences. A Grounded Theory approach is used to highlight some of the ways in which family miscommunication during deployment can occur. Communication with civilian family members is affected by the needs of operational security, technical problems with communication tools, miscommunication between family members, or because veterans have "nothing new to say" to family back home.

Using military friendships to optimize postdeployment reintegration for male Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom veterans.

Social relationships are important to health out comes. The postdeployment family reintegration literature focuses on the role of the civilian family in facilitating the transition from Active Duty military deployment to civilian society. The focus on the civilian family relationship may miss other important personal connections in veterans' lives.

Factors associated with a medical home among children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

Providing a medical home to children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is challenging. Little is known about the factors associated with having a medical home for these children, or how comorbidities affect having a medical home. Our study aims are: (1) identify factors associated with having a medical home and five sub-components of a medical home and (2) determine the effect of medical home on several outcomes for children with ADHD.

Social isolation poststroke: relationship between race/ethnicity, depression, and functional independence.

Research suggests that individuals recovering from a stroke often experience social isolation, which is linked to increased depressive symptomatology and decreased ability to manage activities of daily living. Research also indicates that different racial and ethnic groups are more adversely affected than whites. This article uses poststroke narratives to explore the relationship between social isolation, depressive symptomatology, and the ability to manage activities of daily living poststroke for white, African American, and Puerto Rican veterans.

Veteran family reintegration, primary care needs, and the benefit of the patient-centered medical home model.

Men and women returning from the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq face a multitude of difficulties while integrating back into civilian life, but the importance of their veteran status is often overlooked in primary care settings. Family physicians have the potential to be the first line of defense to ensure the well-being of veterans and their families because many will turn to nonmilitary and non-Veterans Affairs providers for health care needs. An awareness of the unique challenges faced by this population is critical to providing care.

Salud de la mujer: using fotonovelas to increase health literacy among Latinas.

Background: There is an identified need for health literacy strategies to be culturally sensitive and linguistically appropriate.

Objectives: The goal of our community-based participatory research (CBPR) project related to health and nutrition is to demonstrate that active community involvement in the creation of health education fotonovelas that are relevant to culture, ethnicity, gender, social class, and language can increase the health literacy of women in a disadvantaged community.

Methods: We recruited 12 women to take part in our pilot fotonovela intervention about healthy eating and nutrition.

Informal caregivers and racial/ethnic variation in health service use of stroke survivors.

We investigated the racial and ethnic variation in health service use among stroke survivors with informal caregivers in a number of Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Centers in one Veterans Integrated Service Network in the southeastern United States. We focused on the role of caregivers as an enabling factor in the use of health services. One hundred twenty-five veterans who had been hospitalized after an acute stroke, been released home, and identified an informal caregiver were enrolled in the study.

Racial/ethnic variation in recovery of motor function in stroke survivors: role of informal caregivers.

Research documents that African American and Latinos who have experienced an acute stroke recover more slowly than Caucasians in the United States. This descriptive study examines (1) the variation in Caucasian, Puerto Rican, and African American motor function after stroke; (2) the association between caregiver attributes and motor recovery after stroke; and (3) the degree to which caregiver attributes explain the variation in motor recovery between different racial/ethnic groups. One hundred and thirty-five veterans who had been hospitalized after an acute stroke, released home, and identified an informal caregiver were enrolled in the study.

Metaphor shifts in stroke recovery.

An illness event like stroke is generally believed to produce a biographical disruption in the individual, resulting in a reconstruction of one's self identity. One method of narrative reconstruction is the use of personal metaphor. Although previous research has illustrated a variety of illness metaphors, including that of war, there has been little research conducted on how these metaphors shift throughout a person's recovery period.

Transition experiences of stroke survivors following discharge home.

Background: Little is known about the transition experiences of stroke survivors after discharge home.

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to describe three domains of psychosocial experiences of stroke survivors during the first month following discharge for acute stroke.

Method: Data were collected from 125 stroke survivors interviewed at 1 month following discharge home.