Effect of anticoagulation on renal function and protein excretion in experimental acute ischemic renal failure.

Female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent right nephrectomy and 40 min left renal artery occlusion (RAO). After 15 min of reflow, polyethylene glycol 1000 (PEG1000) was infused to induce osmotic diuresis and to enable glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measurements. Urine was collected during a 90 min period, and the concentrations of PEG1000, albumin, IgG, IgM and fibrin(ogen)/degradation products (FIB) were assessed both in plasma and urine by radial immuno diffusion technique Groups of rats were subjected to saline + RAO, warfarin + RAO or sham-operation.

Effect of anticoagulation upon nephron obstruction in experimental acute ischaemic renal failure. A morphological study.

Ischaemic-reperfusion injury as a model of acute renal failure (ARF) results in increased macromolecular permeability, tubular obstruction, and renal oedema. To investigate the role for coagulation in this model, anticoagulated and saline-pretreated rats were subjected to 60 min unilateral renal artery occlusion (RAO). After 15 min of reflow, specimens were collected for electron and light microscopic examination.

[Shortcomings in the coverage of death occurring outside hospitals].

The article consists in a report of physicians' observance of legislative requirements concerning the documentation and investigation of deaths outside hospital, as studied in a series of 973 cases of death occurring in four medium-sized Swedish communities during 1993. The results showed manifest shortcomings in the performance of post-mortem investigations: long delays in submitting the death certificate, negligence in reporting unnatural and unexpected deaths to the police, and inadequate notes in the patients' journals concerning death certification, which relatives had been informed, the circumstances of death, and whether post-mortem examination had been performed. A special checklist would be of value in the documentation adn investigation of deaths occurring outside hospital.

Protective effect on postischemic renal edema by anticoagulation.

The effect of anticoagulation upon renal edema and plasma protein accumulation in acute ischemic renal damage was studied. Rats were subjected to unilateral renal artery occlusion for 60 min and 15 min of reflow. The kidney weight and the content of 125-I-fibrinogen and 131-I-albumin, injected 24 h priorly, were measured and the renal morphology studied.

Intra- and extrafamilial child homicide in Sweden 1971-1980.

Over the 10-year period studied, a total of 96 children under 15 years of age were killed in Sweden. This number constituted an average annual rate of 0.6 per 100,000 children.

[Regulations for autopsy and organ removal in Sweden].

In Sweden clinical autopsies are controlled by the autopsy law, which prescribes information to the relatives about the planned autopsy. Permission by the patient before death or by the relatives after information is mandatory. The performance of the autopsy is not regulated.

The role of hydrogen cyanide and carbon monoxide in fire casualties: a prospective study.

Determinations of blood cyanide and carboxyhemoglobin concentrations were performed in 18 victims found dead in buildings after fires during a 2-year period. The results indicated that 50% of the victims had been exposed to toxic levels of hydrogen cyanide and 90% to toxic levels of carbon monoxide. Lethal concentrations of carbon monoxide were found in 83% of the victims.

Reduction of renal edema by heparin in postischemic renal damage.

Rats were subjected to unilateral renal artery clamping for 60 min and contralateral nephrectomy. 125I-labelled fibrinogen and 131I-labelled albumin were injected intravenously 24 h before the experiment. A significant increase in the fibrinogen and albumin content and weight was found already 5 and 15 min after reflow.

Fibrin deposition in the kidney in post-ischaemic renal damage.

To investigate whether fibrin deposition in the kidney occurs in ischaemic acute renal failure, rats were subjected to a left renal artery occlusion (RAO) for 1 h and contralateral nephrectomy. The animals were killed 0, 5, 15 and 60 min after re-establishment of the circulation. Kidney tissue was snap-frozen for immunofluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and immersion-fixed for light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.

Effects of phospholipase C, a tissue thromboplastin inhibitor, on pulmonary microembolism after missile injury of the limb.

Tissue thromboplastin probably plays an important role in the development of post-traumatic pulmonary microembolism. Infusion of purified human tissue thromboplastin in animals resulted in an intravascular coagulation and respiratory insufficiency. This could be inhibited by previous infusion of phospholipase C (PLC) from Bacillus cereus.

Pulmonary trapping of platelets and fibrin after musculoskeletal trauma: an experimental model.

A new experimental model is described in which pulmonary changes identical with the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can be induced by reproducible musculoskeletal trauma in anesthetized pigs. The pigs were studied in maintained anesthesia for 3 days after the trauma under standardized conditions. The intrapulmonary aggregation of platelets and fibrin was monitored by external detection of radioactivity arising from pretrauma intravenous injection of 51Cr-labeled platelets and 125I-labeled fibrinogen.

Experimental posttraumatic pulmonary microembolism. Effects of methylprednisolone on its development.

The effects of methylprednisolone sodium succinate on the course of posttraumatic pulmonary microembolism were studied in pigs submitted to a reproducible high-energy trauma of the limb and then observed under long-term anesthesia. Methylprednisolone sodium succinate (30 mg/kg of body weight) was given one hour after trauma and thereafter every eighth hour during a 72-hour observation period. Intrapulmonary microembolism was quantitatively measured by repeated external detection of chromium 51-labeled platelets and iodine 125-labeled fibrinogen, sequential chest roentgenograms, and morphologic examination of the lungs post mortem.

Posttraumatic respiratory distress syndrome and high-dose corticosteroids.

Many authors have advocated glucocorticoids for prophylaxis against or treatment of Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) or post-traumatic pulmonary microembolism. One of the theories underlying this advocacy is that the activation of the complement system possibly is preventable by pharmacologic doses of corticosteroids. Studies on traumatized patients are difficult to standardize, and clinical observations are correspondingly difficult to evaluate.

Effect of renal tubular obstruction on stop-flow pressure and glomerular deposition of fibrin during intravascular coagulation in the rat.

Intravascular coagulation in the rat kidney was induced by intravenous infusion of thrombin for 1 hr. The proximal tubular free-flow (Pt) and stop-flow (Psf) pressures were measured by micropuncture. Some proximal tubules were obstructed with solid paraffin before infusion of thrombin.

Effect of unilateral ureteral occlusion on fibrin deposition in the kidney and renal blood flow during intravascular coagulation in rat.

The effect of unilateral ureteral occlusion on fibrin deposition in the kidney and the interrelation of the fibrin deposition and the renal blood flow was studied in rat. Intravascular coagulation in the kidney was induced by infusion of thrombin and inhibition of fibrinolysis with tranexamic acid. The effects unilateral occlusion of the ureter for 1 and 24 h on fibrin deposition and renal blood flow were studied.

Normal mitotic reactivity of fibroblasts and mesothelial cells in thrombocytopenic rat.

Mitotic reactivity following 48/80-induced mast-cell secretion was studied in the mesentery of rats made thrombocytopenic, 7 days following a single injection of melphalan. In spite of a low platelet count (7% of normal), the mitogenic reaction of the mesenteric fibroblasts and mesothelial cells was normal as judged by DNA-synthesis and mitotic index. The findings suggest that platelets and platelet-growth factors are not essential for the mast-cell-mediated mitogenic reaction of these two types of connective-tissue cells studied in vivo.